{"id":837,"date":"2022-04-20T20:20:04","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T20:20:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/chapter\/key-terms-11\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T18:52:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T18:52:53","slug":"key-terms-11","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/chapter\/key-terms-11\/","title":{"raw":"Key Terms","rendered":"Key Terms"},"content":{"raw":"
\n \t
alternation of generations<\/dt>\n \t
life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
chiasmata<\/dt>\n \t
(singular,\u00a0chiasma<\/em>) the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic material is exchanged<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
cohesin<\/dt>\n \t
proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
crossover<\/dt>\n \t
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
fertilization<\/dt>\n \t
union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
gametophyte<\/dt>\n \t
a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
germ cells<\/dt>\n \t
specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
interkinesis<\/dt>\n \t
(also,\u00a0interphase II<\/em>) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
life cycle<\/dt>\n \t
the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
meiosis<\/dt>\n \t
a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
meiosis I<\/dt>\n \t
first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as\u00a0reduction division<\/em>\u00a0because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
meiosis II<\/dt>\n \t
second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
recombination nodules<\/dt>\n \t
protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between nonsister chromatids of a homologous pair<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
reduction division<\/dt>\n \t
nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
somatic cell<\/dt>\n \t
all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
spore<\/dt>\n \t
haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
sporophyte<\/dt>\n \t
a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
synapsis<\/dt>\n \t
formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
synaptonemal complex<\/dt>\n \t
protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n \t
tetrad<\/dt>\n \t
two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I<\/dd>\n<\/dl>","rendered":"
\n
alternation of generations<\/dt>\n
life-cycle type in which the diploid and haploid stages alternate<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
chiasmata<\/dt>\n
(singular,\u00a0chiasma<\/em>) the structure that forms at the crossover points after genetic material is exchanged<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
cohesin<\/dt>\n
proteins that form a complex that seals sister chromatids together at their centromeres until anaphase II of meiosis<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
crossover<\/dt>\n
exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
fertilization<\/dt>\n
union of two haploid cells from two individual organisms<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
gametophyte<\/dt>\n
a multicellular haploid life-cycle stage that produces gametes<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
germ cells<\/dt>\n
specialized cell line that produces gametes, such as eggs or sperm<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
interkinesis<\/dt>\n
(also,\u00a0interphase II<\/em>) brief period of rest between meiosis I and meiosis II<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
life cycle<\/dt>\n
the sequence of events in the development of an organism and the production of cells that produce offspring<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
meiosis<\/dt>\n
a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
meiosis I<\/dt>\n
first round of meiotic cell division; referred to as\u00a0reduction division<\/em>\u00a0because the ploidy level is reduced from diploid to haploid<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
meiosis II<\/dt>\n
second round of meiotic cell division following meiosis I; sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes, and the result is four unique haploid cells<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
recombination nodules<\/dt>\n
protein assemblies formed on the synaptonemal complex that mark the points of crossover events and mediate the multistep process of genetic recombination between nonsister chromatids of a homologous pair<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
reduction division<\/dt>\n
nuclear division that produces daughter nuclei each having one-half as many chromosome sets as the parental nucleus; meiosis I is a reduction division<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
somatic cell<\/dt>\n
all the cells of a multicellular organism except the gametes or reproductive cells<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
spore<\/dt>\n
haploid cell that can produce a haploid multicellular organism or can fuse with another spore to form a diploid cell<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
sporophyte<\/dt>\n
a multicellular diploid life-cycle stage that produces haploid spores by meiosis<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
synapsis<\/dt>\n
formation of a close association between homologous chromosomes during prophase I<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
synaptonemal complex<\/dt>\n
protein lattice that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I, supporting crossover<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
tetrad<\/dt>\n
two duplicated homologous chromosomes (four chromatids) bound together by chiasmata during prophase I<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"author":130,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["jung-choi","mary-ann-clark","matthew-douglas"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[92,93,94],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-837","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-jung-choi","contributor-mary-ann-clark","contributor-matthew-douglas","license-cc-by"],"part":753,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/130"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":838,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/837\/revisions\/838"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/753"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/837\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=837"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}