{"id":850,"date":"2022-04-20T20:24:56","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T20:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/chapter\/introduction-11\/"},"modified":"2025-08-29T19:10:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T19:10:06","slug":"introduction-11","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/chapter\/introduction-11\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction","rendered":"Introduction"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"fig-ch12_00_01\" class=\"os-figure has-splash\">\n<figure class=\"splash \" data-id=\"fig-ch12_00_01\"><span id=\"fs-id1805576\" data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"Photo shows pea-plant flower, with purple petals that fold back on themselves.\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<p class=\"os-caption-container\"><span class=\"os-caption\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_849\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-849 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-1024x546.jpg\" alt=\"Photo shows pea-plant flower, with purple petals that fold back on themselves.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"546\"> Figure\u00a012.1\u00a0Experimenting with thousands of garden peas, Mendel uncovered the fundamentals of genetics. (credit: modification of work by Jerry Kirkhart)[\/caption]\n\n<\/div>\n<strong style=\"font-size: 1em\">Genetics <\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">is the study of heredity. Johann Gregor Mendel set the framework for genetics long before chromosomes or genes had been identified, at a time when meiosis was not well understood. Mendel selected a simple biological system and conducted methodical, quantitative analyses using large sample sizes. Because of Mendel\u2019s work, the fundamental principles of heredity were revealed. We now know that genes, carried on chromosomes, are the basic functional units of heredity with the capability to be replicated, expressed, or mutated. Today, the postulates put forth by Mendel form the basis of classical, or Mendelian, genetics. Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring according to <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1em\">Mendelian genetics,<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">\u00a0but Mendel\u2019s experiments serve as an excellent starting point for thinking about inheritance.<\/span>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[h5p id=\"164\"]","rendered":"<div id=\"fig-ch12_00_01\" class=\"os-figure has-splash\">\n<figure class=\"splash\" data-id=\"fig-ch12_00_01\"><span id=\"fs-id1805576\" data-type=\"media\" data-alt=\"Photo shows pea-plant flower, with purple petals that fold back on themselves.\"><\/span><\/figure>\n<p class=\"os-caption-container\"><span class=\"os-caption\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_849\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-849\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-849 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-1024x546.jpg\" alt=\"Photo shows pea-plant flower, with purple petals that fold back on themselves.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-1024x546.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-225x120.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001-350x187.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2022\/04\/General-Biology-I-Lecture-Lab-1657046460_Page_559_Image_0001.jpg 1118w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-849\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure\u00a012.1\u00a0Experimenting with thousands of garden peas, Mendel uncovered the fundamentals of genetics. (credit: modification of work by Jerry Kirkhart)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 1em\">Genetics <\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">is the study of heredity. Johann Gregor Mendel set the framework for genetics long before chromosomes or genes had been identified, at a time when meiosis was not well understood. Mendel selected a simple biological system and conducted methodical, quantitative analyses using large sample sizes. Because of Mendel\u2019s work, the fundamental principles of heredity were revealed. We now know that genes, carried on chromosomes, are the basic functional units of heredity with the capability to be replicated, expressed, or mutated. Today, the postulates put forth by Mendel form the basis of classical, or Mendelian, genetics. Not all genes are transmitted from parents to offspring according to <\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 1em\">Mendelian genetics,<\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">\u00a0but Mendel\u2019s experiments serve as an excellent starting point for thinking about inheritance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-164\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-164\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"164\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Ch. 12 Genetics\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":130,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["jung-choi","mary-ann-clark","matthew-douglas"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[92,93,94],"license":[53],"class_list":["post-850","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-jung-choi","contributor-mary-ann-clark","contributor-matthew-douglas","license-cc-by"],"part":847,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/130"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1059,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/850\/revisions\/1059"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/847"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/850\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=850"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=850"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}