{"id":610,"date":"2017-04-16T02:54:33","date_gmt":"2017-04-16T02:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/part\/6-enzyme-catalyzed-reactions\/"},"modified":"2025-11-25T19:24:23","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T19:24:23","slug":"6-enzyme-catalyzed-reactions","status":"publish","type":"part","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/part\/6-enzyme-catalyzed-reactions\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter VII: Metabolism and Enzymes","rendered":"Chapter VII: Metabolism and Enzymes"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\r\n<h2>Learning Objectives<\/h2>\r\nBy the end of this section, you will be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain the role of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cellular metabolism.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_609\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-609 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-300x162.jpg\" alt=\" A hummingbird\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" \/> Figure 1 A hummingbird needs energy to maintain prolonged flight. The bird obtains its energy from taking in food and transforming the energy contained in food molecules into forms of energy to power its flight through a series of biochemical reactions. (credit: modification of work by Cory Zanker)[\/caption]\r\n\r\nVirtually every task performed by living organisms requires <strong>energy.<\/strong> Energy is needed to perform heavy labor and exercise, but humans also use energy while thinking, and even during sleep. In fact, the living cells of every organism constantly use energy. Nutrients and other molecules are imported into the cell have many different potential paths: metabolized (broken down) and used for energy, synthesized into new molecules, modified if needed, transported around the cell, and even distributed to the entire organism. For example, the large proteins that make up muscles are built from smaller molecules imported from dietary amino acids. Complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars that the cell uses for energy. Just as energy is required to both build and demolish a building, energy is required for the synthesis and breakdown of molecules as well as the transport of molecules into and out of cells. In addition, processes such as ingesting and breaking down pathogenic bacteria and viruses, exporting wastes and toxins, and movement of the cell require energy.\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">\r\n<h2><strong>Chapter VII: Metabolism and Enzymes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3><strong>Licenses and Attribution<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<strong>CC Licensed Content, Original:<\/strong>\r\nThis educational material includes AI-generated content from ChatGPT by OpenAI. The original content created by Dr. Zeinab Motawe from Hillsborough College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).\r\nAll images in this textbook generated with DALL-E are licensed under the terms provided by OpenAI, allowing for their free use, modification, and distribution with appropriate attribution.\r\n\r\n<strong>CC Licensed Content, Shared Previously:<\/strong>\r\nAdapted from:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Bartee, L., Shriner, W., &amp; Creech, C. (2016). <em><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/openoregon.pressbooks.pub\/mhccmajorsbio\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Principles of Biology<\/a><\/em>, CC BY 4.0.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox learning-objectives\">\n<h2>Learning Objectives<\/h2>\n<p>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Explain the role of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in cellular metabolism.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_609\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-609\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-609 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-300x162.jpg\" alt=\"A hummingbird\" width=\"300\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-1024x553.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-768x415.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-65x35.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-225x122.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01-350x189.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/106\/2025\/08\/Figure_04_01.jpg 1118w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-609\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1 A hummingbird needs energy to maintain prolonged flight. The bird obtains its energy from taking in food and transforming the energy contained in food molecules into forms of energy to power its flight through a series of biochemical reactions. (credit: modification of work by Cory Zanker)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Virtually every task performed by living organisms requires <strong>energy.<\/strong> Energy is needed to perform heavy labor and exercise, but humans also use energy while thinking, and even during sleep. In fact, the living cells of every organism constantly use energy. Nutrients and other molecules are imported into the cell have many different potential paths: metabolized (broken down) and used for energy, synthesized into new molecules, modified if needed, transported around the cell, and even distributed to the entire organism. For example, the large proteins that make up muscles are built from smaller molecules imported from dietary amino acids. Complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars that the cell uses for energy. Just as energy is required to both build and demolish a building, energy is required for the synthesis and breakdown of molecules as well as the transport of molecules into and out of cells. In addition, processes such as ingesting and breaking down pathogenic bacteria and viruses, exporting wastes and toxins, and movement of the cell require energy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">\n<h2><strong>Chapter VII: Metabolism and Enzymes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Licenses and Attribution<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>CC Licensed Content, Original:<\/strong><br \/>\nThis educational material includes AI-generated content from ChatGPT by OpenAI. The original content created by Dr. Zeinab Motawe from Hillsborough College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).<br \/>\nAll images in this textbook generated with DALL-E are licensed under the terms provided by OpenAI, allowing for their free use, modification, and distribution with appropriate attribution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CC Licensed Content, Shared Previously:<\/strong><br \/>\nAdapted from:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bartee, L., Shriner, W., &amp; Creech, C. (2016). <em><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/openoregon.pressbooks.pub\/mhccmajorsbio\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\">Principles of Biology<\/a><\/em>, CC BY 4.0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_part_invisible":false,"pb_part_invisible_string":""},"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-610","part","type-part","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/part"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1318,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/610\/revisions\/1318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=610"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}