{"id":23,"date":"2023-02-17T16:25:09","date_gmt":"2023-02-17T16:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/chapter\/chapter-1\/"},"modified":"2026-09-02T14:01:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T14:01:46","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/chapter\/chapter-1\/","title":{"raw":"Lab 5: Microscopy and Cells","rendered":"Lab 5: Microscopy and Cells"},"content":{"raw":"<h1 data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"464\"><strong data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"464\">Microscopy and Cells<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n<h2 data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"464\"><strong data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"464\">Objectives<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"520\">After completing this exercise, you should be able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"967\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"619\">\r\n<p data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"619\">Identify the parts of a <strong data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"577\">compound light microscope<\/strong> and describe the function of each part.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"675\">\r\n<p data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"675\">Use proper <strong data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"657\">microscope technique<\/strong> to view slides.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"726\">\r\n<p data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"726\">Calculate <strong data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"711\">total magnification<\/strong> of an image.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"727\" data-end=\"793\">\r\n<p data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"793\">Create drawings that follow <strong data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"790\">biological drawing guidelines<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"861\">\r\n<p data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"861\">Differentiate between <strong data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"833\">prokaryotic<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"838\" data-end=\"852\">eukaryotic<\/strong> cells.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"916\">\r\n<p data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"916\">Identify <strong data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"913\">organelles and other cell structures<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"967\">\r\n<p data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"967\">Use a <strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"944\">dichotomous key<\/strong> to identify organisms.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"972\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"990\"><strong data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"990\">Key Terms<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"2199\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1031\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1031\">\r\n<th data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1003\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1002\">Term<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"1003\" data-end=\"1031\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1029\">Definition \/ Context<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"2199\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1129\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1085\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cell Wall<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1129\">Structural layer surrounding plant cells<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1209\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1148\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Central Vacuole<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1209\">Large, water-filled organelle maintaining turgor pressure<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1250\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1224\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Chloroplast<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1250\">Site of photosynthesis<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1325\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1286\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cyclosis (Cytoplasmic Streaming)<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1325\">Movement of cytoplasm within a cell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1366\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1336\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cytosol<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1366\">Fluid portion of cytoplasm<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1433\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1379\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Diaphragm<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1433\">Regulates amount of light passing through specimen<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1500\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1452\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Dichotomous Key<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1452\" data-end=\"1500\">Tool for identifying organisms using choices<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1566\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1513\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Eukaryote<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1566\">Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1631\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1583\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Field of View<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1631\">Circular area visible through the microscope<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1697\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1651\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Mechanical Stage<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1697\">Platform that supports and moves the slide<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1752\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1710\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Nosepiece<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1752\">Rotating part holding objective lenses<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1793\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1763\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Nucleus<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1793\">Control center of the cell<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1854\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1811\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Objective Lens<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1854\">Magnifies specimen (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1906\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1865\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Oculars<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1906\">Eyepieces (usually 10x magnification)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1974\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1918\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Parfocal<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"1974\">Ability to remain in focus when switching objectives<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2057\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2000\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Plasma (Cell) Membrane<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2057\">Selectively permeable barrier enclosing cell contents<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"2058\" data-end=\"2125\">\r\n<td data-start=\"2058\" data-end=\"2071\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prokaryote<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2125\">Cell lacking nucleus and membrane-bound organelles<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2199\">\r\n<td data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2144\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Resolving Power<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2199\">Ability to distinguish two close points as separate<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2204\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2225\"><strong data-start=\"2209\" data-end=\"2225\">Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"2227\" data-end=\"2486\">The world around you teems with life\u2014most of which you cannot see unaided. The <strong data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2321\">macroscopic<\/strong> life visible to the naked eye is only a small portion of the planet\u2019s biodiversity. Many organisms are <strong data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2440\">microscopic<\/strong> and require specialized tools to be observed.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2488\" data-end=\"2638\">Microscopes allow scientists to visualize these organisms. In this lab, you will use a <strong data-start=\"2575\" data-end=\"2604\">compound light microscope<\/strong> to explore the microscopic world.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2964\">Today\u2019s focus is on <strong data-start=\"2660\" data-end=\"2680\">eukaryotic cells<\/strong>, which contain a <strong data-start=\"2698\" data-end=\"2709\">nucleus<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2714\" data-end=\"2743\">membrane-bound organelles<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2747\" \/>You (and most living organisms such as plants, fungi, protists, and animals) are eukaryotes\u2014literally \u201ctrue nucleus.\u201d<br data-start=\"2864\" data-end=\"2867\" \/>In contrast, <strong data-start=\"2880\" data-end=\"2901\">prokaryotic cells<\/strong> (e.g., bacteria) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2966\" data-end=\"3064\">Within eukaryotic cells, specialized structures called <strong data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3035\">organelles<\/strong> perform essential functions:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3187\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3124\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3124\"><strong data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3083\">Chloroplasts<\/strong> (in plants) enable <strong data-start=\"3103\" data-end=\"3121\">photosynthesis<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3125\" data-end=\"3187\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3127\" data-end=\"3187\"><strong data-start=\"3127\" data-end=\"3143\">Mitochondria<\/strong> generate most of the cell\u2019s energy (ATP).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"3189\" data-end=\"3192\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"3194\" data-end=\"3247\"><strong data-start=\"3197\" data-end=\"3247\">Figure 1. Parts of a Compound Light Microscope<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"3313\" data-end=\"3493\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-374\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-300x287.png\" alt=\"Microcope image labeled\" width=\"674\" height=\"645\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"3495\" data-end=\"3498\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3530\"><strong data-start=\"3503\" data-end=\"3530\">Materials and Procedure<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3549\"><strong data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3549\">Materials<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3825\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3580\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3553\" data-end=\"3580\">Compound light microscope<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"3595\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3595\">Lens paper<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3596\" data-end=\"3625\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3598\" data-end=\"3625\">Clean slide and coverslip<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3626\" data-end=\"3658\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3628\" data-end=\"3658\">Prepared slide: <em data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3656\">letter \u201ce\u201d<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3681\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3681\">Zoea of crab slide<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3682\" data-end=\"3700\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3700\"><em data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3692\">Volvox<\/em> slide<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3701\" data-end=\"3719\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3703\" data-end=\"3719\">Two toothpicks<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3720\" data-end=\"3739\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3722\" data-end=\"3739\">DI water bottle<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3784\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3742\" data-end=\"3784\">Dropper bottle with methylene blue stain<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3785\" data-end=\"3802\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3802\"><em data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3795\">Elodea<\/em> leaf<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3803\" data-end=\"3825\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3825\">Drop of pond water<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"3827\" data-end=\"3830\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"3832\" data-end=\"3871\"><strong data-start=\"3835\" data-end=\"3871\">General Rules for Microscope Use<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"3873\" data-end=\"3908\"><strong data-start=\"3877\" data-end=\"3908\">1. Preparing the Microscope<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"4248\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"3952\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3913\" data-end=\"3952\">Plug in and turn on the light source.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3953\" data-end=\"4033\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3956\" data-end=\"4033\">Adjust the <strong data-start=\"3967\" data-end=\"3990\">oculars (eyepieces)<\/strong> to match the distance between your eyes.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4034\" data-end=\"4117\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4037\" data-end=\"4117\">Use the <strong data-start=\"4045\" data-end=\"4072\">diopter adjustment ring<\/strong> to compensate for differences in eyesight.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4248\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4248\"><strong data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4149\">Clean all glass surfaces<\/strong> (oculars, objectives, condenser) before and after use with <strong data-start=\"4209\" data-end=\"4228\">lens paper only<\/strong>\u2014never paper towels.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4281\"><strong data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4281\">2. Using the Microscope<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4904\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4359\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4286\" data-end=\"4359\">Place the slide on the <strong data-start=\"4309\" data-end=\"4318\">stage<\/strong> and secure it with the <strong data-start=\"4342\" data-end=\"4356\">stage clip<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4360\" data-end=\"4416\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4363\" data-end=\"4416\">Ensure the <strong data-start=\"4374\" data-end=\"4401\">scanning objective (4x)<\/strong> is in place.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4417\" data-end=\"4504\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4420\" data-end=\"4504\">Use the <strong data-start=\"4428\" data-end=\"4454\">coarse adjustment knob<\/strong> to raise the stage close to the objective lens.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4505\" data-end=\"4603\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4508\" data-end=\"4603\">While looking through the oculars, slowly lower the stage until the specimen comes into view.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4604\" data-end=\"4657\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4607\" data-end=\"4657\">Refine focus using the <strong data-start=\"4630\" data-end=\"4654\">fine adjustment knob<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4716\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4716\">Center your specimen before increasing magnification.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4717\" data-end=\"4811\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4720\" data-end=\"4811\">Switch to <strong data-start=\"4730\" data-end=\"4749\">low power (10x)<\/strong>, then <strong data-start=\"4756\" data-end=\"4776\">high power (40x)<\/strong>. Use only <strong data-start=\"4787\" data-end=\"4801\">fine focus<\/strong> at 40x.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4812\" data-end=\"4904\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4815\" data-end=\"4839\">Adjust contrast using:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4904\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4868\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"4868\">The <strong data-start=\"4849\" data-end=\"4862\">diaphragm<\/strong>, or<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4872\" data-end=\"4904\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4874\" data-end=\"4904\">The <strong data-start=\"4878\" data-end=\"4901\">light dimmer switch<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<blockquote data-start=\"4906\" data-end=\"5020\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4908\" data-end=\"5020\"><strong data-start=\"4908\" data-end=\"4920\">Caution:<\/strong> Never use the coarse adjustment knob with the 40x lens\u2014this can crack the slide or damage the lens.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"5022\" data-end=\"5025\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"5027\" data-end=\"5061\"><strong data-start=\"5030\" data-end=\"5061\">Exercise 1 \u2013 The Letter \u201cE\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ol data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5660\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5119\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5066\" data-end=\"5119\">View the prepared \u201cletter e\u201d slide under low power.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5120\" data-end=\"5280\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5123\" data-end=\"5224\">Compare the specimen\u2019s position on the slide (naked eye) vs. the image seen through the microscope.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5280\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5280\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5230\" data-end=\"5280\">How do they differ? ____________________________<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5281\" data-end=\"5454\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5284\" data-end=\"5454\">Move the slide so half of the \u201ce\u201d disappears from the field of view. Switch to low power without moving the slide. What do you observe now? ____________________________<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5455\" data-end=\"5538\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5538\">Return to scanning power, center the \u201ce,\u201d and move through all magnifications.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5586\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5586\">Choose the best magnification for clarity.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5660\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5590\" data-end=\"5660\"><strong data-start=\"5590\" data-end=\"5598\">Draw<\/strong> your \u201ce\u201d following the <em data-start=\"5622\" data-end=\"5653\">Biological Drawing Guidelines<\/em> below.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"5662\" data-end=\"5665\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5667\" data-end=\"5709\"><strong data-start=\"5671\" data-end=\"5709\">Guidelines for Biological Drawings<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"6231\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"5783\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5783\">Use <strong data-start=\"5718\" data-end=\"5742\">white, unlined paper<\/strong> (two figures per page, one side only).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5784\" data-end=\"5940\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5787\" data-end=\"5815\">Each drawing must include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"5819\" data-end=\"5940\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5819\" data-end=\"5859\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5821\" data-end=\"5859\"><strong data-start=\"5821\" data-end=\"5838\">Figure number<\/strong> (e.g., <em data-start=\"5846\" data-end=\"5856\">Figure 1<\/em>)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5863\" data-end=\"5888\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5865\" data-end=\"5888\"><strong data-start=\"5865\" data-end=\"5886\">Descriptive title<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5892\" data-end=\"5940\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5894\" data-end=\"5940\"><strong data-start=\"5894\" data-end=\"5917\">Total magnification<\/strong> (ocular \u00d7 objective)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5941\" data-end=\"6027\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5944\" data-end=\"6027\">Example: Ocular (10x) \u00d7 High Power Objective (40x) = <strong data-start=\"5997\" data-end=\"6025\">400x Total Magnification<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6028\" data-end=\"6082\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6082\">Draw accurately and neatly using <strong data-start=\"6064\" data-end=\"6079\">pencil only<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6166\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6086\" data-end=\"6166\">Label structures outside the field of view with <strong data-start=\"6134\" data-end=\"6163\">straight connecting lines<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6167\" data-end=\"6231\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6170\" data-end=\"6231\">Do <strong data-start=\"6173\" data-end=\"6180\">not<\/strong> add colors (stains vary and are not standardized).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"6233\" data-end=\"6236\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"6238\" data-end=\"6286\"><strong data-start=\"6241\" data-end=\"6286\">Exercise 2 \u2013 Depth of Field: Thread Slide<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"6288\" data-end=\"6353\">Use a prepared <strong data-start=\"6303\" data-end=\"6319\">thread slide<\/strong> with overlapping colored threads.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol data-start=\"6355\" data-end=\"6622\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6355\" data-end=\"6401\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6401\">Focus under 4x, then move to 10x and 40x.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6402\" data-end=\"6557\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6405\" data-end=\"6466\">Observe that not all threads can be focused simultaneously.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"6470\" data-end=\"6557\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6470\" data-end=\"6557\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6472\" data-end=\"6557\">As you adjust focus, different layers become clear\u2014illustrating <strong data-start=\"6536\" data-end=\"6554\">depth of field<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6558\" data-end=\"6622\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6561\" data-end=\"6622\">This concept helps interpret <strong data-start=\"6590\" data-end=\"6610\">cell layer depth<\/strong> in tissues.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"6624\" data-end=\"6627\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"6629\" data-end=\"6702\"><strong data-start=\"6632\" data-end=\"6702\">Exercises 3 and 4 \u2013 Copepod or Zoea of Crab and Protist (<em data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6699\">Volvox<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ol data-start=\"6704\" data-end=\"6888\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6704\" data-end=\"6777\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6777\">View the arthropod (copepod or zoea) slide, then the <em data-start=\"6760\" data-end=\"6768\">Volvox<\/em> slide.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6778\" data-end=\"6819\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6781\" data-end=\"6819\">Follow the previous microscope steps.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6820\" data-end=\"6888\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6888\"><strong data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6833\">Sketch<\/strong> each organism following biological drawing guidelines.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"6890\" data-end=\"6893\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"6895\" data-end=\"6923\"><strong data-start=\"6898\" data-end=\"6923\">Exercise 5 \u2013 <em data-start=\"6913\" data-end=\"6921\">Elodea<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"6925\" data-end=\"6977\"><em data-start=\"6925\" data-end=\"6933\">Elodea<\/em> is an aquatic plant (Genus name: <em data-start=\"6967\" data-end=\"6975\">Elodea<\/em>).<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"6979\" data-end=\"7029\">Identify and label the following on your drawings:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"7031\" data-end=\"7376\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7031\" data-end=\"7084\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7033\" data-end=\"7084\"><strong data-start=\"7033\" data-end=\"7046\">Cell Wall<\/strong> \u2013 rigid outer boundary giving shape<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7085\" data-end=\"7138\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7087\" data-end=\"7138\"><strong data-start=\"7087\" data-end=\"7104\">Cell Membrane<\/strong> \u2013 pressed against the cell wall<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7139\" data-end=\"7206\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7141\" data-end=\"7206\"><strong data-start=\"7141\" data-end=\"7157\">Chloroplasts<\/strong> \u2013 small green spheres (site of photosynthesis)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7207\" data-end=\"7280\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7209\" data-end=\"7280\"><strong data-start=\"7209\" data-end=\"7228\">Central Vacuole<\/strong> \u2013 large clear space filled with water and solutes<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7281\" data-end=\"7376\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7283\" data-end=\"7376\"><strong data-start=\"7283\" data-end=\"7294\">Cytosol<\/strong> \u2013 clear fluid portion of cytoplasm; look for <strong data-start=\"7340\" data-end=\"7376\">cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"7378\" data-end=\"7407\"><strong data-start=\"7382\" data-end=\"7407\">Wet Mount Preparation<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"7409\" data-end=\"7656\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7409\" data-end=\"7460\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7412\" data-end=\"7460\">Place one <em data-start=\"7422\" data-end=\"7430\">Elodea<\/em> leaf flat on a clean slide.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7486\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7464\" data-end=\"7486\">Add a drop of water.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7487\" data-end=\"7568\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7490\" data-end=\"7568\">Lower the coverslip at a <strong data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7528\">45\u00b0 angle<\/strong> to reduce air bubbles (see Figure 3).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7569\" data-end=\"7611\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7572\" data-end=\"7611\">View at <strong data-start=\"7580\" data-end=\"7608\">400x total magnification<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7612\" data-end=\"7656\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7615\" data-end=\"7656\">Clean your slide and coverslip afterward.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7661\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"7663\" data-end=\"7693\"><strong data-start=\"7666\" data-end=\"7693\">Exercise 6 \u2013 Pond Water<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ol data-start=\"7695\" data-end=\"8057\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7695\" data-end=\"7777\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7698\" data-end=\"7777\">Obtain a pond water sample with a pipette (include green algae and detritus).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7778\" data-end=\"7830\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7781\" data-end=\"7830\">Add 1\u20132 drops to a slide and place a coverslip.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"7899\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7834\" data-end=\"7899\"><strong data-start=\"7834\" data-end=\"7867\">Scan the slide systematically<\/strong> (see Figure 4) for organisms.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7900\" data-end=\"8019\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7903\" data-end=\"7956\">Draw <strong data-start=\"7908\" data-end=\"7935\">two different organisms<\/strong> you find and note:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"7960\" data-end=\"8019\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7960\" data-end=\"7991\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7962\" data-end=\"7991\">Type (protist, algae, etc.)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7995\" data-end=\"8019\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7997\" data-end=\"8019\">Movement or behavior<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8020\" data-end=\"8057\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8023\" data-end=\"8057\">Clean all materials when finished.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"8059\" data-end=\"8062\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8064\" data-end=\"8101\"><strong data-start=\"8067\" data-end=\"8101\">Exercise 7 \u2013 Human Cheek Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<blockquote data-start=\"8103\" data-end=\"8198\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8105\" data-end=\"8198\"><strong data-start=\"8105\" data-end=\"8198\">This exercise involves biohazardous material. Follow all disposal instructions carefully.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<ol data-start=\"8200\" data-end=\"8567\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8200\" data-end=\"8243\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8203\" data-end=\"8243\">Place one drop of water on your slide.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8244\" data-end=\"8322\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8247\" data-end=\"8322\">Add a small amount of <strong data-start=\"8269\" data-end=\"8293\">methylene blue stain<\/strong> using a toothpick and mix.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8323\" data-end=\"8394\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8326\" data-end=\"8394\">Using a <strong data-start=\"8334\" data-end=\"8351\">new toothpick<\/strong>, gently scrape the inside of your cheek.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8395\" data-end=\"8437\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8398\" data-end=\"8437\">Swirl the sample in the stained drop.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8438\" data-end=\"8483\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8441\" data-end=\"8483\">Add coverslip and view under microscope.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8484\" data-end=\"8567\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8487\" data-end=\"8506\">Identify and label:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"8510\" data-end=\"8567\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8510\" data-end=\"8525\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8512\" data-end=\"8525\"><strong data-start=\"8512\" data-end=\"8523\">Nucleus<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8529\" data-end=\"8550\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8531\" data-end=\"8550\"><strong data-start=\"8531\" data-end=\"8548\">Cell Membrane<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8554\" data-end=\"8567\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8556\" data-end=\"8567\"><strong data-start=\"8556\" data-end=\"8567\">Cytosol<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"8569\" data-end=\"8572\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8574\" data-end=\"8612\"><strong data-start=\"8577\" data-end=\"8612\">Exercise 7 \u2013 Clean-Up Procedure<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ol data-start=\"8614\" data-end=\"8937\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8614\" data-end=\"8683\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8617\" data-end=\"8683\">Dispose of toothpicks in the <strong data-start=\"8646\" data-end=\"8680\">red sharps biohazard container<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8684\" data-end=\"8755\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8687\" data-end=\"8755\">Place slides and coverslips in the <strong data-start=\"8722\" data-end=\"8752\">biohazard sharps container<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8756\" data-end=\"8826\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8759\" data-end=\"8826\">Use disinfectant spray and Kimwipes to clean microscope surfaces.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8827\" data-end=\"8871\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8830\" data-end=\"8871\">Clean glass areas with lens paper only.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8872\" data-end=\"8937\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8875\" data-end=\"8937\">Dispose of all contaminated materials in <strong data-start=\"8916\" data-end=\"8934\">biohazard bins<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<blockquote data-start=\"8938\" data-end=\"8988\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"8988\"><strong data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"8950\">Do not<\/strong> use biohazard bins for regular trash.<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"8990\" data-end=\"8993\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8995\" data-end=\"9039\"><strong data-start=\"8998\" data-end=\"9039\">Guidelines for Proper Microscope Care<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9409\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9071\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9071\">\r\n<th data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9057\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9043\" data-end=\"9056\">Checklist<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"9057\" data-end=\"9071\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"9059\" data-end=\"9069\">Action<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"9104\" data-end=\"9409\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"9104\" data-end=\"9147\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9104\" data-end=\"9108\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9108\" data-end=\"9147\">Turn off and unplug the microscope.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9148\" data-end=\"9194\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9148\" data-end=\"9152\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9152\" data-end=\"9194\">Clean all glass parts with lens paper.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9195\" data-end=\"9233\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9195\" data-end=\"9199\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9199\" data-end=\"9233\">Clean stage with disinfectant.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9234\" data-end=\"9283\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9234\" data-end=\"9238\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9238\" data-end=\"9283\">Set <strong data-start=\"9244\" data-end=\"9271\">scanning objective (4x)<\/strong> in place.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9284\" data-end=\"9315\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9284\" data-end=\"9288\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9288\" data-end=\"9315\">Lower stage completely.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9316\" data-end=\"9347\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9316\" data-end=\"9320\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9320\" data-end=\"9347\">Coil power cord neatly.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9348\" data-end=\"9409\">\r\n<td data-start=\"9348\" data-end=\"9352\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9352\" data-end=\"9409\">Show cleaned microscope to instructor before storage.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"9411\" data-end=\"9414\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"9416\" data-end=\"9440\"><strong data-start=\"9419\" data-end=\"9440\">Data and Drawings<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"10002\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"9510\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"9510\">\r\n<th style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"9457\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9444\" data-end=\"9456\">Figure\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 477px\" data-start=\"9457\" data-end=\"9483\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"9459\" data-end=\"9482\">Draw in a Separate Paper<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th style=\"width: 160px\" data-start=\"9483\" data-end=\"9510\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9508\">Total Magnification<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"9583\" data-end=\"10002\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"9583\" data-end=\"9652\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9583\" data-end=\"9594\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 1<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9594\" data-end=\"9641\"><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9641\" data-end=\"9652\">_______<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9653\" data-end=\"9722\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9653\" data-end=\"9664\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 2<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9664\" data-end=\"9711\">___________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9711\" data-end=\"9722\">_______<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9723\" data-end=\"9792\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9723\" data-end=\"9734\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 3<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9734\" data-end=\"9781\">____________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9781\" data-end=\"9792\">_______<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9793\" data-end=\"9862\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9793\" data-end=\"9804\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 4<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9804\" data-end=\"9851\">____________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9851\" data-end=\"9862\">_______<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9863\" data-end=\"9932\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9863\" data-end=\"9874\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 5<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9874\" data-end=\"9921\">____________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9921\" data-end=\"9932\">_______<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"9933\" data-end=\"10002\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9933\" data-end=\"9944\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 6<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9944\" data-end=\"9991\">____________________________________________<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9991\" data-end=\"10002\">_______<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"10004\" data-end=\"10007\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"10009\" data-end=\"10032\"><strong data-start=\"10012\" data-end=\"10032\">Review Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ol data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10358\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10130\">\r\n<p data-start=\"10037\" data-end=\"10130\">List several differences between <strong data-start=\"10070\" data-end=\"10079\">plant<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"10084\" data-end=\"10100\">animal cells<\/strong> based on your observations.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"10131\" data-end=\"10198\">\r\n<p data-start=\"10134\" data-end=\"10198\">Compare and contrast <strong data-start=\"10155\" data-end=\"10170\">prokaryotic<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"10175\" data-end=\"10189\">eukaryotic<\/strong> cells.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"10199\" data-end=\"10284\">\r\n<p data-start=\"10202\" data-end=\"10284\">Can you identify each <strong data-start=\"10224\" data-end=\"10237\">cell type<\/strong> and its <strong data-start=\"10246\" data-end=\"10260\">organelles<\/strong> observed in this lab?<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"10285\" data-end=\"10358\">\r\n<p data-start=\"10288\" data-end=\"10358\">Identify the <strong data-start=\"10301\" data-end=\"10328\">parts of the microscope<\/strong> and describe their functions.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2><strong>Licenses and Attribution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3><strong>CC Licensed Content, Original:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\">\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"pt-0\">\r\n<div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\r\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This educational material includes AI-generated content from ChatGPT by OpenAI. The original content created by Dr. Zeinab Motawe\u00a0from Hillsborough College is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/deed.en\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\r\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">All images in this textbook generated with DALL-E are licensed under the terms provided by OpenAI, allowing for their free use, modification, and distribution with appropriate attribution.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3><strong>Other Licensed Content Included:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Adapted with permission from BioScience I Laboratory Manual by Jamie Colson-Moon and Denise Bristol. Per request from these original authors, this content is now licensed (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h1 data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"464\"><strong data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"464\">Microscopy and Cells<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"447\" data-end=\"464\"><strong data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"464\">Objectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"466\" data-end=\"520\">After completing this exercise, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"967\">\n<li data-start=\"522\" data-end=\"619\">\n<p data-start=\"524\" data-end=\"619\">Identify the parts of a <strong data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"577\">compound light microscope<\/strong> and describe the function of each part.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"675\">\n<p data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"675\">Use proper <strong data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"657\">microscope technique<\/strong> to view slides.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"726\">\n<p data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"726\">Calculate <strong data-start=\"688\" data-end=\"711\">total magnification<\/strong> of an image.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"727\" data-end=\"793\">\n<p data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"793\">Create drawings that follow <strong data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"790\">biological drawing guidelines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"861\">\n<p data-start=\"796\" data-end=\"861\">Differentiate between <strong data-start=\"818\" data-end=\"833\">prokaryotic<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"838\" data-end=\"852\">eukaryotic<\/strong> cells.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"862\" data-end=\"916\">\n<p data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"916\">Identify <strong data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"913\">organelles and other cell structures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"967\">\n<p data-start=\"919\" data-end=\"967\">Use a <strong data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"944\">dichotomous key<\/strong> to identify organisms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"972\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"974\" data-end=\"990\"><strong data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"990\">Key Terms<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"2199\">\n<thead data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1031\">\n<tr data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1031\">\n<th data-start=\"992\" data-end=\"1003\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"994\" data-end=\"1002\">Term<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1003\" data-end=\"1031\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"1005\" data-end=\"1029\">Definition \/ Context<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"2199\">\n<tr data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1129\">\n<td data-start=\"1073\" data-end=\"1085\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cell Wall<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1129\">Structural layer surrounding plant cells<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1209\">\n<td data-start=\"1130\" data-end=\"1148\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Central Vacuole<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1148\" data-end=\"1209\">Large, water-filled organelle maintaining turgor pressure<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1250\">\n<td data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1224\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Chloroplast<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1250\">Site of photosynthesis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1325\">\n<td data-start=\"1251\" data-end=\"1286\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cyclosis (Cytoplasmic Streaming)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1286\" data-end=\"1325\">Movement of cytoplasm within a cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1366\">\n<td data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1336\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Cytosol<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1366\">Fluid portion of cytoplasm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1433\">\n<td data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1379\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Diaphragm<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1433\">Regulates amount of light passing through specimen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1500\">\n<td data-start=\"1434\" data-end=\"1452\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Dichotomous Key<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1452\" data-end=\"1500\">Tool for identifying organisms using choices<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1566\">\n<td data-start=\"1501\" data-end=\"1513\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Eukaryote<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1566\">Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1631\">\n<td data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1583\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Field of View<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1583\" data-end=\"1631\">Circular area visible through the microscope<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1697\">\n<td data-start=\"1632\" data-end=\"1651\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Mechanical Stage<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1651\" data-end=\"1697\">Platform that supports and moves the slide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1752\">\n<td data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1710\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Nosepiece<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1710\" data-end=\"1752\">Rotating part holding objective lenses<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1793\">\n<td data-start=\"1753\" data-end=\"1763\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Nucleus<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1793\">Control center of the cell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1854\">\n<td data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1811\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Objective Lens<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1854\">Magnifies specimen (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1906\">\n<td data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1865\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Oculars<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1906\">Eyepieces (usually 10x magnification)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1974\">\n<td data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1918\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Parfocal<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1918\" data-end=\"1974\">Ability to remain in focus when switching objectives<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2057\">\n<td data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2000\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Plasma (Cell) Membrane<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2057\">Selectively permeable barrier enclosing cell contents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2058\" data-end=\"2125\">\n<td data-start=\"2058\" data-end=\"2071\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prokaryote<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2125\">Cell lacking nucleus and membrane-bound organelles<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2199\">\n<td data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2144\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Resolving Power<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2199\">Ability to distinguish two close points as separate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2204\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2225\"><strong data-start=\"2209\" data-end=\"2225\">Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2227\" data-end=\"2486\">The world around you teems with life\u2014most of which you cannot see unaided. The <strong data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2321\">macroscopic<\/strong> life visible to the naked eye is only a small portion of the planet\u2019s biodiversity. Many organisms are <strong data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2440\">microscopic<\/strong> and require specialized tools to be observed.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2488\" data-end=\"2638\">Microscopes allow scientists to visualize these organisms. In this lab, you will use a <strong data-start=\"2575\" data-end=\"2604\">compound light microscope<\/strong> to explore the microscopic world.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2640\" data-end=\"2964\">Today\u2019s focus is on <strong data-start=\"2660\" data-end=\"2680\">eukaryotic cells<\/strong>, which contain a <strong data-start=\"2698\" data-end=\"2709\">nucleus<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2714\" data-end=\"2743\">membrane-bound organelles<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2747\" \/>You (and most living organisms such as plants, fungi, protists, and animals) are eukaryotes\u2014literally \u201ctrue nucleus.\u201d<br data-start=\"2864\" data-end=\"2867\" \/>In contrast, <strong data-start=\"2880\" data-end=\"2901\">prokaryotic cells<\/strong> (e.g., bacteria) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2966\" data-end=\"3064\">Within eukaryotic cells, specialized structures called <strong data-start=\"3021\" data-end=\"3035\">organelles<\/strong> perform essential functions:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3187\">\n<li data-start=\"3065\" data-end=\"3124\">\n<p data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3124\"><strong data-start=\"3067\" data-end=\"3083\">Chloroplasts<\/strong> (in plants) enable <strong data-start=\"3103\" data-end=\"3121\">photosynthesis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3125\" data-end=\"3187\">\n<p data-start=\"3127\" data-end=\"3187\"><strong data-start=\"3127\" data-end=\"3143\">Mitochondria<\/strong> generate most of the cell\u2019s energy (ATP).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3189\" data-end=\"3192\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3194\" data-end=\"3247\"><strong data-start=\"3197\" data-end=\"3247\">Figure 1. Parts of a Compound Light Microscope<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3313\" data-end=\"3493\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-374\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-300x287.png\" alt=\"Microcope image labeled\" width=\"674\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-300x287.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-768x734.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-65x62.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-225x215.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010-350x335.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/109\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2026-09-02-100010.png 838w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 674px) 100vw, 674px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3495\" data-end=\"3498\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3530\"><strong data-start=\"3503\" data-end=\"3530\">Materials and Procedure<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3549\"><strong data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3549\">Materials<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3825\">\n<li data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3580\">\n<p data-start=\"3553\" data-end=\"3580\">Compound light microscope<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3581\" data-end=\"3595\">\n<p data-start=\"3583\" data-end=\"3595\">Lens paper<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3596\" data-end=\"3625\">\n<p data-start=\"3598\" data-end=\"3625\">Clean slide and coverslip<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3626\" data-end=\"3658\">\n<p data-start=\"3628\" data-end=\"3658\">Prepared slide: <em data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3656\">letter \u201ce\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3681\">\n<p data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3681\">Zoea of crab slide<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3682\" data-end=\"3700\">\n<p data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3700\"><em data-start=\"3684\" data-end=\"3692\">Volvox<\/em> slide<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3701\" data-end=\"3719\">\n<p data-start=\"3703\" data-end=\"3719\">Two toothpicks<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3720\" data-end=\"3739\">\n<p data-start=\"3722\" data-end=\"3739\">DI water bottle<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3740\" data-end=\"3784\">\n<p data-start=\"3742\" data-end=\"3784\">Dropper bottle with methylene blue stain<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3785\" data-end=\"3802\">\n<p data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3802\"><em data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3795\">Elodea<\/em> leaf<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3803\" data-end=\"3825\">\n<p data-start=\"3805\" data-end=\"3825\">Drop of pond water<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3827\" data-end=\"3830\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3832\" data-end=\"3871\"><strong data-start=\"3835\" data-end=\"3871\">General Rules for Microscope Use<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"3873\" data-end=\"3908\"><strong data-start=\"3877\" data-end=\"3908\">1. Preparing the Microscope<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"4248\">\n<li data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"3952\">\n<p data-start=\"3913\" data-end=\"3952\">Plug in and turn on the light source.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3953\" data-end=\"4033\">\n<p data-start=\"3956\" data-end=\"4033\">Adjust the <strong data-start=\"3967\" data-end=\"3990\">oculars (eyepieces)<\/strong> to match the distance between your eyes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4034\" data-end=\"4117\">\n<p data-start=\"4037\" data-end=\"4117\">Use the <strong data-start=\"4045\" data-end=\"4072\">diopter adjustment ring<\/strong> to compensate for differences in eyesight.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4248\">\n<p data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4248\"><strong data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4149\">Clean all glass surfaces<\/strong> (oculars, objectives, condenser) before and after use with <strong data-start=\"4209\" data-end=\"4228\">lens paper only<\/strong>\u2014never paper towels.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-start=\"4250\" data-end=\"4281\"><strong data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4281\">2. Using the Microscope<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4904\">\n<li data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4359\">\n<p data-start=\"4286\" data-end=\"4359\">Place the slide on the <strong data-start=\"4309\" data-end=\"4318\">stage<\/strong> and secure it with the <strong data-start=\"4342\" data-end=\"4356\">stage clip<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4360\" data-end=\"4416\">\n<p data-start=\"4363\" data-end=\"4416\">Ensure the <strong data-start=\"4374\" data-end=\"4401\">scanning objective (4x)<\/strong> is in place.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4417\" data-end=\"4504\">\n<p data-start=\"4420\" data-end=\"4504\">Use the <strong data-start=\"4428\" data-end=\"4454\">coarse adjustment knob<\/strong> to raise the stage close to the objective lens.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4505\" data-end=\"4603\">\n<p data-start=\"4508\" data-end=\"4603\">While looking through the oculars, slowly lower the stage until the specimen comes into view.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4604\" data-end=\"4657\">\n<p data-start=\"4607\" data-end=\"4657\">Refine focus using the <strong data-start=\"4630\" data-end=\"4654\">fine adjustment knob<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4658\" data-end=\"4716\">\n<p data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4716\">Center your specimen before increasing magnification.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4717\" data-end=\"4811\">\n<p data-start=\"4720\" data-end=\"4811\">Switch to <strong data-start=\"4730\" data-end=\"4749\">low power (10x)<\/strong>, then <strong data-start=\"4756\" data-end=\"4776\">high power (40x)<\/strong>. Use only <strong data-start=\"4787\" data-end=\"4801\">fine focus<\/strong> at 40x.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4812\" data-end=\"4904\">\n<p data-start=\"4815\" data-end=\"4839\">Adjust contrast using:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4904\">\n<li data-start=\"4843\" data-end=\"4868\">\n<p data-start=\"4845\" data-end=\"4868\">The <strong data-start=\"4849\" data-end=\"4862\">diaphragm<\/strong>, or<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4872\" data-end=\"4904\">\n<p data-start=\"4874\" data-end=\"4904\">The <strong data-start=\"4878\" data-end=\"4901\">light dimmer switch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote data-start=\"4906\" data-end=\"5020\">\n<p data-start=\"4908\" data-end=\"5020\"><strong data-start=\"4908\" data-end=\"4920\">Caution:<\/strong> Never use the coarse adjustment knob with the 40x lens\u2014this can crack the slide or damage the lens.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"5022\" data-end=\"5025\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"5027\" data-end=\"5061\"><strong data-start=\"5030\" data-end=\"5061\">Exercise 1 \u2013 The Letter \u201cE\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5660\">\n<li data-start=\"5063\" data-end=\"5119\">\n<p data-start=\"5066\" data-end=\"5119\">View the prepared \u201cletter e\u201d slide under low power.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5120\" data-end=\"5280\">\n<p data-start=\"5123\" data-end=\"5224\">Compare the specimen\u2019s position on the slide (naked eye) vs. the image seen through the microscope.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5280\">\n<li data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5280\">\n<p data-start=\"5230\" data-end=\"5280\">How do they differ? ____________________________<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5281\" data-end=\"5454\">\n<p data-start=\"5284\" data-end=\"5454\">Move the slide so half of the \u201ce\u201d disappears from the field of view. Switch to low power without moving the slide. What do you observe now? ____________________________<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5455\" data-end=\"5538\">\n<p data-start=\"5458\" data-end=\"5538\">Return to scanning power, center the \u201ce,\u201d and move through all magnifications.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5539\" data-end=\"5586\">\n<p data-start=\"5542\" data-end=\"5586\">Choose the best magnification for clarity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5660\">\n<p data-start=\"5590\" data-end=\"5660\"><strong data-start=\"5590\" data-end=\"5598\">Draw<\/strong> your \u201ce\u201d following the <em data-start=\"5622\" data-end=\"5653\">Biological Drawing Guidelines<\/em> below.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"5662\" data-end=\"5665\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5667\" data-end=\"5709\"><strong data-start=\"5671\" data-end=\"5709\">Guidelines for Biological Drawings<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"6231\">\n<li data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"5783\">\n<p data-start=\"5714\" data-end=\"5783\">Use <strong data-start=\"5718\" data-end=\"5742\">white, unlined paper<\/strong> (two figures per page, one side only).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5784\" data-end=\"5940\">\n<p data-start=\"5787\" data-end=\"5815\">Each drawing must include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5819\" data-end=\"5940\">\n<li data-start=\"5819\" data-end=\"5859\">\n<p data-start=\"5821\" data-end=\"5859\"><strong data-start=\"5821\" data-end=\"5838\">Figure number<\/strong> (e.g., <em data-start=\"5846\" data-end=\"5856\">Figure 1<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5863\" data-end=\"5888\">\n<p data-start=\"5865\" data-end=\"5888\"><strong data-start=\"5865\" data-end=\"5886\">Descriptive title<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5892\" data-end=\"5940\">\n<p data-start=\"5894\" data-end=\"5940\"><strong data-start=\"5894\" data-end=\"5917\">Total magnification<\/strong> (ocular \u00d7 objective)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5941\" data-end=\"6027\">\n<p data-start=\"5944\" data-end=\"6027\">Example: Ocular (10x) \u00d7 High Power Objective (40x) = <strong data-start=\"5997\" data-end=\"6025\">400x Total Magnification<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6028\" data-end=\"6082\">\n<p data-start=\"6031\" data-end=\"6082\">Draw accurately and neatly using <strong data-start=\"6064\" data-end=\"6079\">pencil only<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6083\" data-end=\"6166\">\n<p data-start=\"6086\" data-end=\"6166\">Label structures outside the field of view with <strong data-start=\"6134\" data-end=\"6163\">straight connecting lines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6167\" data-end=\"6231\">\n<p data-start=\"6170\" data-end=\"6231\">Do <strong data-start=\"6173\" data-end=\"6180\">not<\/strong> add colors (stains vary and are not standardized).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"6233\" data-end=\"6236\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"6238\" data-end=\"6286\"><strong data-start=\"6241\" data-end=\"6286\">Exercise 2 \u2013 Depth of Field: Thread Slide<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6288\" data-end=\"6353\">Use a prepared <strong data-start=\"6303\" data-end=\"6319\">thread slide<\/strong> with overlapping colored threads.<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"6355\" data-end=\"6622\">\n<li data-start=\"6355\" data-end=\"6401\">\n<p data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6401\">Focus under 4x, then move to 10x and 40x.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6402\" data-end=\"6557\">\n<p data-start=\"6405\" data-end=\"6466\">Observe that not all threads can be focused simultaneously.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"6470\" data-end=\"6557\">\n<li data-start=\"6470\" data-end=\"6557\">\n<p data-start=\"6472\" data-end=\"6557\">As you adjust focus, different layers become clear\u2014illustrating <strong data-start=\"6536\" data-end=\"6554\">depth of field<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6558\" data-end=\"6622\">\n<p data-start=\"6561\" data-end=\"6622\">This concept helps interpret <strong data-start=\"6590\" data-end=\"6610\">cell layer depth<\/strong> in tissues.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"6624\" data-end=\"6627\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"6629\" data-end=\"6702\"><strong data-start=\"6632\" data-end=\"6702\">Exercises 3 and 4 \u2013 Copepod or Zoea of Crab and Protist (<em data-start=\"6691\" data-end=\"6699\">Volvox<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"6704\" data-end=\"6888\">\n<li data-start=\"6704\" data-end=\"6777\">\n<p data-start=\"6707\" data-end=\"6777\">View the arthropod (copepod or zoea) slide, then the <em data-start=\"6760\" data-end=\"6768\">Volvox<\/em> slide.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6778\" data-end=\"6819\">\n<p data-start=\"6781\" data-end=\"6819\">Follow the previous microscope steps.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6820\" data-end=\"6888\">\n<p data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6888\"><strong data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6833\">Sketch<\/strong> each organism following biological drawing guidelines.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"6890\" data-end=\"6893\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"6895\" data-end=\"6923\"><strong data-start=\"6898\" data-end=\"6923\">Exercise 5 \u2013 <em data-start=\"6913\" data-end=\"6921\">Elodea<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6925\" data-end=\"6977\"><em data-start=\"6925\" data-end=\"6933\">Elodea<\/em> is an aquatic plant (Genus name: <em data-start=\"6967\" data-end=\"6975\">Elodea<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6979\" data-end=\"7029\">Identify and label the following on your drawings:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7031\" data-end=\"7376\">\n<li data-start=\"7031\" data-end=\"7084\">\n<p data-start=\"7033\" data-end=\"7084\"><strong data-start=\"7033\" data-end=\"7046\">Cell Wall<\/strong> \u2013 rigid outer boundary giving shape<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7085\" data-end=\"7138\">\n<p data-start=\"7087\" data-end=\"7138\"><strong data-start=\"7087\" data-end=\"7104\">Cell Membrane<\/strong> \u2013 pressed against the cell wall<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7139\" data-end=\"7206\">\n<p data-start=\"7141\" data-end=\"7206\"><strong data-start=\"7141\" data-end=\"7157\">Chloroplasts<\/strong> \u2013 small green spheres (site of photosynthesis)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7207\" data-end=\"7280\">\n<p data-start=\"7209\" data-end=\"7280\"><strong data-start=\"7209\" data-end=\"7228\">Central Vacuole<\/strong> \u2013 large clear space filled with water and solutes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7281\" data-end=\"7376\">\n<p data-start=\"7283\" data-end=\"7376\"><strong data-start=\"7283\" data-end=\"7294\">Cytosol<\/strong> \u2013 clear fluid portion of cytoplasm; look for <strong data-start=\"7340\" data-end=\"7376\">cytoplasmic streaming (cyclosis)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"7378\" data-end=\"7407\"><strong data-start=\"7382\" data-end=\"7407\">Wet Mount Preparation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"7409\" data-end=\"7656\">\n<li data-start=\"7409\" data-end=\"7460\">\n<p data-start=\"7412\" data-end=\"7460\">Place one <em data-start=\"7422\" data-end=\"7430\">Elodea<\/em> leaf flat on a clean slide.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7461\" data-end=\"7486\">\n<p data-start=\"7464\" data-end=\"7486\">Add a drop of water.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7487\" data-end=\"7568\">\n<p data-start=\"7490\" data-end=\"7568\">Lower the coverslip at a <strong data-start=\"7515\" data-end=\"7528\">45\u00b0 angle<\/strong> to reduce air bubbles (see Figure 3).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7569\" data-end=\"7611\">\n<p data-start=\"7572\" data-end=\"7611\">View at <strong data-start=\"7580\" data-end=\"7608\">400x total magnification<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7612\" data-end=\"7656\">\n<p data-start=\"7615\" data-end=\"7656\">Clean your slide and coverslip afterward.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"7658\" data-end=\"7661\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"7663\" data-end=\"7693\"><strong data-start=\"7666\" data-end=\"7693\">Exercise 6 \u2013 Pond Water<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"7695\" data-end=\"8057\">\n<li data-start=\"7695\" data-end=\"7777\">\n<p data-start=\"7698\" data-end=\"7777\">Obtain a pond water sample with a pipette (include green algae and detritus).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7778\" data-end=\"7830\">\n<p data-start=\"7781\" data-end=\"7830\">Add 1\u20132 drops to a slide and place a coverslip.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7831\" data-end=\"7899\">\n<p data-start=\"7834\" data-end=\"7899\"><strong data-start=\"7834\" data-end=\"7867\">Scan the slide systematically<\/strong> (see Figure 4) for organisms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7900\" data-end=\"8019\">\n<p data-start=\"7903\" data-end=\"7956\">Draw <strong data-start=\"7908\" data-end=\"7935\">two different organisms<\/strong> you find and note:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"7960\" data-end=\"8019\">\n<li data-start=\"7960\" data-end=\"7991\">\n<p data-start=\"7962\" data-end=\"7991\">Type (protist, algae, etc.)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7995\" data-end=\"8019\">\n<p data-start=\"7997\" data-end=\"8019\">Movement or behavior<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8020\" data-end=\"8057\">\n<p data-start=\"8023\" data-end=\"8057\">Clean all materials when finished.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"8059\" data-end=\"8062\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8064\" data-end=\"8101\"><strong data-start=\"8067\" data-end=\"8101\">Exercise 7 \u2013 Human Cheek Cells<\/strong><\/h2>\n<blockquote data-start=\"8103\" data-end=\"8198\">\n<p data-start=\"8105\" data-end=\"8198\"><strong data-start=\"8105\" data-end=\"8198\">This exercise involves biohazardous material. Follow all disposal instructions carefully.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ol data-start=\"8200\" data-end=\"8567\">\n<li data-start=\"8200\" data-end=\"8243\">\n<p data-start=\"8203\" data-end=\"8243\">Place one drop of water on your slide.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8244\" data-end=\"8322\">\n<p data-start=\"8247\" data-end=\"8322\">Add a small amount of <strong data-start=\"8269\" data-end=\"8293\">methylene blue stain<\/strong> using a toothpick and mix.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8323\" data-end=\"8394\">\n<p data-start=\"8326\" data-end=\"8394\">Using a <strong data-start=\"8334\" data-end=\"8351\">new toothpick<\/strong>, gently scrape the inside of your cheek.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8395\" data-end=\"8437\">\n<p data-start=\"8398\" data-end=\"8437\">Swirl the sample in the stained drop.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8438\" data-end=\"8483\">\n<p data-start=\"8441\" data-end=\"8483\">Add coverslip and view under microscope.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8484\" data-end=\"8567\">\n<p data-start=\"8487\" data-end=\"8506\">Identify and label:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"8510\" data-end=\"8567\">\n<li data-start=\"8510\" data-end=\"8525\">\n<p data-start=\"8512\" data-end=\"8525\"><strong data-start=\"8512\" data-end=\"8523\">Nucleus<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8529\" data-end=\"8550\">\n<p data-start=\"8531\" data-end=\"8550\"><strong data-start=\"8531\" data-end=\"8548\">Cell Membrane<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8554\" data-end=\"8567\">\n<p data-start=\"8556\" data-end=\"8567\"><strong data-start=\"8556\" data-end=\"8567\">Cytosol<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"8569\" data-end=\"8572\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8574\" data-end=\"8612\"><strong data-start=\"8577\" data-end=\"8612\">Exercise 7 \u2013 Clean-Up Procedure<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"8614\" data-end=\"8937\">\n<li data-start=\"8614\" data-end=\"8683\">\n<p data-start=\"8617\" data-end=\"8683\">Dispose of toothpicks in the <strong data-start=\"8646\" data-end=\"8680\">red sharps biohazard container<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8684\" data-end=\"8755\">\n<p data-start=\"8687\" data-end=\"8755\">Place slides and coverslips in the <strong data-start=\"8722\" data-end=\"8752\">biohazard sharps container<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8756\" data-end=\"8826\">\n<p data-start=\"8759\" data-end=\"8826\">Use disinfectant spray and Kimwipes to clean microscope surfaces.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8827\" data-end=\"8871\">\n<p data-start=\"8830\" data-end=\"8871\">Clean glass areas with lens paper only.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8872\" data-end=\"8937\">\n<p data-start=\"8875\" data-end=\"8937\">Dispose of all contaminated materials in <strong data-start=\"8916\" data-end=\"8934\">biohazard bins<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote data-start=\"8938\" data-end=\"8988\">\n<p data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"8988\"><strong data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"8950\">Do not<\/strong> use biohazard bins for regular trash.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"8990\" data-end=\"8993\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8995\" data-end=\"9039\"><strong data-start=\"8998\" data-end=\"9039\">Guidelines for Proper Microscope Care<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9409\">\n<thead data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9071\">\n<tr data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9071\">\n<th data-start=\"9041\" data-end=\"9057\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9043\" data-end=\"9056\">Checklist<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"9057\" data-end=\"9071\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"9059\" data-end=\"9069\">Action<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"9104\" data-end=\"9409\">\n<tr data-start=\"9104\" data-end=\"9147\">\n<td data-start=\"9104\" data-end=\"9108\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9108\" data-end=\"9147\">Turn off and unplug the microscope.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9148\" data-end=\"9194\">\n<td data-start=\"9148\" data-end=\"9152\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9152\" data-end=\"9194\">Clean all glass parts with lens paper.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9195\" data-end=\"9233\">\n<td data-start=\"9195\" data-end=\"9199\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9199\" data-end=\"9233\">Clean stage with disinfectant.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9234\" data-end=\"9283\">\n<td data-start=\"9234\" data-end=\"9238\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9238\" data-end=\"9283\">Set <strong data-start=\"9244\" data-end=\"9271\">scanning objective (4x)<\/strong> in place.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9284\" data-end=\"9315\">\n<td data-start=\"9284\" data-end=\"9288\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9288\" data-end=\"9315\">Lower stage completely.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9316\" data-end=\"9347\">\n<td data-start=\"9316\" data-end=\"9320\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9320\" data-end=\"9347\">Coil power cord neatly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9348\" data-end=\"9409\">\n<td data-start=\"9348\" data-end=\"9352\" data-col-size=\"sm\">\u2610<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9352\" data-end=\"9409\">Show cleaned microscope to instructor before storage.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"9411\" data-end=\"9414\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"9416\" data-end=\"9440\"><strong data-start=\"9419\" data-end=\"9440\">Data and Drawings<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"10002\">\n<thead data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"9510\">\n<tr data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"9510\">\n<th style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9442\" data-end=\"9457\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9444\" data-end=\"9456\">Figure\u00a0<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 477px\" data-start=\"9457\" data-end=\"9483\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"9459\" data-end=\"9482\">Draw in a Separate Paper<\/strong><\/th>\n<th style=\"width: 160px\" data-start=\"9483\" data-end=\"9510\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"9485\" data-end=\"9508\">Total Magnification<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"9583\" data-end=\"10002\">\n<tr data-start=\"9583\" data-end=\"9652\">\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9583\" data-end=\"9594\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9594\" data-end=\"9641\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9641\" data-end=\"9652\">_______<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9653\" data-end=\"9722\">\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9653\" data-end=\"9664\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9664\" data-end=\"9711\">___________________________________________<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9711\" data-end=\"9722\">_______<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9723\" data-end=\"9792\">\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9723\" data-end=\"9734\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9734\" data-end=\"9781\">____________________________________________<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9781\" data-end=\"9792\">_______<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9793\" data-end=\"9862\">\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9793\" data-end=\"9804\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9804\" data-end=\"9851\">____________________________________________<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9851\" data-end=\"9862\">_______<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9863\" data-end=\"9932\">\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9863\" data-end=\"9874\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9874\" data-end=\"9921\">____________________________________________<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9921\" data-end=\"9932\">_______<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"9933\" data-end=\"10002\">\n<td style=\"width: 62px\" data-start=\"9933\" data-end=\"9944\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Figure 6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 477px\" data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"9944\" data-end=\"9991\">____________________________________________<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 160px\" data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"9991\" data-end=\"10002\">_______<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"10004\" data-end=\"10007\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"10009\" data-end=\"10032\"><strong data-start=\"10012\" data-end=\"10032\">Review Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10358\">\n<li data-start=\"10034\" data-end=\"10130\">\n<p data-start=\"10037\" data-end=\"10130\">List several differences between <strong data-start=\"10070\" data-end=\"10079\">plant<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"10084\" data-end=\"10100\">animal cells<\/strong> based on your observations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10131\" data-end=\"10198\">\n<p data-start=\"10134\" data-end=\"10198\">Compare and contrast <strong data-start=\"10155\" data-end=\"10170\">prokaryotic<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"10175\" data-end=\"10189\">eukaryotic<\/strong> cells.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10199\" data-end=\"10284\">\n<p data-start=\"10202\" data-end=\"10284\">Can you identify each <strong data-start=\"10224\" data-end=\"10237\">cell type<\/strong> and its <strong data-start=\"10246\" data-end=\"10260\">organelles<\/strong> observed in this lab?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10285\" data-end=\"10358\">\n<p data-start=\"10288\" data-end=\"10358\">Identify the <strong data-start=\"10301\" data-end=\"10328\">parts of the microscope<\/strong> and describe their functions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>Licenses and Attribution<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>CC Licensed Content, Original:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pt-0\">\n<div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This educational material includes AI-generated content from ChatGPT by OpenAI. The original content created by Dr. Zeinab Motawe\u00a0from Hillsborough College is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/deed.en\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">All images in this textbook generated with DALL-E are licensed under the terms provided by OpenAI, allowing for their free use, modification, and distribution with appropriate attribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Other Licensed Content Included:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Adapted with permission from BioScience I Laboratory Manual by Jamie Colson-Moon and Denise Bristol. Per request from these original authors, this content is now licensed (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-23","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-standard"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/revisions\/375"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/23\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}