{"id":249,"date":"2025-11-05T19:29:03","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T19:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=249"},"modified":"2025-12-03T16:50:39","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T16:50:39","slug":"lab-6-osmosis","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/chapter\/lab-6-osmosis\/","title":{"raw":"Lab 6: Osmosis","rendered":"Lab 6: Osmosis"},"content":{"raw":"<h1 data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"567\"><strong data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"567\">Laboratory 6: Osmosis<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"572\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"591\"><strong data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"591\">Objectives<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"642\">After completing this lab, you should be able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"989\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"708\">\r\n<p data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"708\">Discuss the flow of water across various types of membranes.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"801\">\r\n<p data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"801\">Relate how factors such as <strong data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"748\">charge<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"761\">size<\/strong> influence transport across membranes.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"903\">\r\n<p data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"903\">Differentiate between <strong data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"836\">active<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"862\">passive transport<\/strong> and explain why each is used in cells.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"904\" data-end=\"989\">\r\n<p data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"989\">Correctly define and use the terms <strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"955\">hypertonic<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"970\">hypotonic<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"988\">isotonic<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"994\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1012\"><strong data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1012\">Key Terms<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"2124\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1043\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1043\">\r\n<th data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1025\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1024\">Term<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1043\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1041\">Definition<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"2124\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1172\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1094\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Active Transport<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1172\">Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP).<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1265\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1198\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Concentration Gradient<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1265\">Difference in concentration of a substance between two regions.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1346\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1278\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Diffusion<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1278\" data-end=\"1346\">Movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1419\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1371\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Facilitated Diffusion<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1419\">Diffusion using membrane transport proteins.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1492\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1432\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hemolysis<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1432\" data-end=\"1492\">Lysis (bursting) of red blood cells due to water influx.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1567\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1506\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hypertonic<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1506\" data-end=\"1567\">Higher solute concentration relative to another solution.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1640\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1580\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hypotonic<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1640\">Lower solute concentration relative to another solution.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1702\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1652\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Isotonic<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1702\">Equal solute concentrations across a membrane.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1776\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1713\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Osmosis<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1776\" data-col-size=\"md\">Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1850\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1797\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Passive Transport<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1850\">Movement of molecules without energy expenditure.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1920\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1865\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Plasmolysis<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1920\">Shrinkage of plant cell contents due to water loss.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2005\">\r\n<td data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1945\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Selectively Permeable<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"2005\">Allows some substances to pass while restricting others.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2054\">\r\n<td data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2016\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Solutes<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2054\">Substances dissolved in a solvent.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2124\">\r\n<td data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2065\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Solvent<\/td>\r\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2065\" data-end=\"2124\">Substance (often water) in which solutes are dissolved.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2129\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2150\"><strong data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2150\">Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2375\">Water is essential to all living organisms. Both <strong data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2216\">prokaryotic<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2235\">eukaryotic<\/strong> cells are largely composed of water, and most biochemical reactions occur in aqueous environments. Without water, cells could not function.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2377\" data-end=\"2562\">Water acts as a <strong data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2414\">universal solvent<\/strong>, dissolving many substances (though not all, such as lipids). When molecules like sugars or salts dissolve in water, they are called <strong data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2559\">solutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<p data-start=\"2564\" data-end=\"2798\">Cell membranes are <strong data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2608\">selectively permeable<\/strong>, allowing some materials to pass while restricting others\u2014primarily based on <strong data-start=\"2686\" data-end=\"2694\">size<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2699\" data-end=\"2709\">charge<\/strong>. Small, uncharged molecules pass freely, while large or charged ones require assistance.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"2800\" data-end=\"2836\"><strong data-start=\"2804\" data-end=\"2836\">Passive vs. Active Transport<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"3100\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"2928\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2928\"><strong data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2862\">Passive Transport:<\/strong> Molecules move without energy input (e.g., diffusion, osmosis).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"2929\" data-end=\"3011\">\r\n<p data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"3011\"><strong data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"2957\">Facilitated Diffusion:<\/strong> Uses membrane proteins to assist passive transport.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3100\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3100\"><strong data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3035\">Active Transport:<\/strong> Requires ATP to move molecules against a concentration gradient.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"3102\" data-end=\"3105\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3136\"><strong data-start=\"3111\" data-end=\"3136\">Diffusion and Osmosis<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3351\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3237\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3140\" data-end=\"3237\"><strong data-start=\"3140\" data-end=\"3154\">Diffusion:<\/strong> Movement of molecules from a high to low concentration region until equilibrium.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3238\" data-end=\"3351\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3351\"><strong data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3252\">Osmosis:<\/strong> Special type of diffusion referring to <strong data-start=\"3292\" data-end=\"3310\">water movement<\/strong> across a selectively permeable membrane.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p data-start=\"3353\" data-end=\"3390\">If a cell\u2019s external environment has:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"3391\" data-end=\"3623\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3391\" data-end=\"3470\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3393\" data-end=\"3470\"><strong data-start=\"3393\" data-end=\"3425\">Higher solute concentration:<\/strong> It\u2019s <em data-start=\"3431\" data-end=\"3443\">hypertonic<\/em> \u2192 water leaves the cell.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3471\" data-end=\"3548\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3473\" data-end=\"3548\"><strong data-start=\"3473\" data-end=\"3504\">Lower solute concentration:<\/strong> It\u2019s <em data-start=\"3510\" data-end=\"3521\">hypotonic<\/em> \u2192 water enters the cell.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3549\" data-end=\"3623\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3623\"><strong data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3582\">Equal solute concentration:<\/strong> It\u2019s <em data-start=\"3588\" data-end=\"3598\">isotonic<\/em> \u2192 no net water movement.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3628\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3657\"><strong data-start=\"3634\" data-end=\"3657\">Examples in Biology<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"4069\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3786\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3786\"><strong data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3677\">Plasmolysis:<\/strong> In plant cells, water loss causes the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall, leading to wilting.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3902\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3902\"><strong data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3803\">Hemolysis:<\/strong> In animal cells (like red blood cells), too much water entering causes cells to swell and burst.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"3903\" data-end=\"4069\">\r\n<p data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"4069\"><strong data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3923\">Human Example:<\/strong> After swimming in freshwater (hypotonic), cells absorb water; in seawater (hypertonic), water leaves cells, leading to dehydration and wrinkling.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"4071\" data-end=\"4074\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"4076\" data-end=\"4092\"><strong data-start=\"4079\" data-end=\"4092\">Materials<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ul data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4541\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4132\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4096\" data-end=\"4132\">7 microscope slides and coverslips<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4133\" data-end=\"4154\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4135\" data-end=\"4154\">Purple onion skin<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4155\" data-end=\"4196\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4157\" data-end=\"4196\">Dialysis tubing (10 pieces, 15\u201320 cm)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4197\" data-end=\"4236\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4199\" data-end=\"4236\">Beakers: one 250 mL and five 100 mL<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4237\" data-end=\"4251\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4251\">Microscope<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4252\" data-end=\"4283\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4283\">18 small (10 mL) test tubes<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4284\" data-end=\"4324\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4286\" data-end=\"4324\">NaCl, glucose, and sucrose solutions<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4349\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4327\" data-end=\"4349\">Physiological saline<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4350\" data-end=\"4369\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4352\" data-end=\"4369\">DI water bottle<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4400\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4372\" data-end=\"4400\">Pipettes and pipette pumps<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4401\" data-end=\"4456\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4403\" data-end=\"4456\">Ruler, tape, scissors, string (10 pieces, 10\u201315 cm)<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4457\" data-end=\"4503\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4459\" data-end=\"4503\">Test tube holder, Sharpie or grease pencil<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4541\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4506\" data-end=\"4541\">Electronic balance and weigh boat<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"4543\" data-end=\"4546\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"4548\" data-end=\"4565\"><strong data-start=\"4551\" data-end=\"4565\">Procedures<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"4567\" data-end=\"4615\"><strong data-start=\"4571\" data-end=\"4615\">Experiment 1: Plasmolysis in Onion Cells<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"5121\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4742\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4620\" data-end=\"4742\">Label seven slides for salt concentrations: <strong data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4673\">1.00M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4675\" data-end=\"4684\">0.50M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4695\">0.21M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4706\">0.17M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4708\" data-end=\"4717\">0.13M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4719\" data-end=\"4728\">0.10M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4730\" data-end=\"4739\">0.07M<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4743\" data-end=\"4812\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4746\" data-end=\"4812\">Place one drop of the corresponding salt solution on each slide.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4813\" data-end=\"4888\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4888\">Tear <strong data-start=\"4821\" data-end=\"4859\">thin pieces of red onion epidermis<\/strong>\u2014only one cell layer thick.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4889\" data-end=\"4945\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4892\" data-end=\"4945\">Place one onion piece into each salt solution drop.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4946\" data-end=\"4989\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4949\" data-end=\"4989\">Let the slides sit for <strong data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"4986\">10 minutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"4990\" data-end=\"5048\">\r\n<p data-start=\"4993\" data-end=\"5048\">Add a coverslip using the proper wet-mount technique.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5121\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5052\" data-end=\"5121\">Observe under the microscope and record plasmolysis in <strong data-start=\"5107\" data-end=\"5118\">Table 2<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<blockquote data-start=\"5123\" data-end=\"5294\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5125\" data-end=\"5294\"><strong data-start=\"5125\" data-end=\"5150\">Observation Question:<\/strong><br data-start=\"5150\" data-end=\"5153\" \/>When plasmolysis occurs, the cell interior is __________ and the environment is __________.<br data-start=\"5246\" data-end=\"5249\" \/><em data-start=\"5251\" data-end=\"5294\">(Use hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"5296\" data-end=\"5299\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"5301\" data-end=\"5347\"><strong data-start=\"5305\" data-end=\"5347\">Experiment 2: Hemolysis in Blood Cells<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"5349\" data-end=\"5955\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5349\" data-end=\"5680\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5352\" data-end=\"5375\">Prepare <strong data-start=\"5360\" data-end=\"5372\">controls<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"5379\" data-end=\"5680\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5379\" data-end=\"5463\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5381\" data-end=\"5463\"><strong data-start=\"5381\" data-end=\"5402\">Negative Control:<\/strong> 2 mL physiological saline + 2 drops of blood \u2192 mix gently.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5467\" data-end=\"5539\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5539\"><strong data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5490\">Positive Control:<\/strong> 2 mL DI water + 2 drops of blood \u2192 mix gently.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5543\" data-end=\"5680\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5545\" data-end=\"5581\">Hold each tube up to printed text:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5680\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5635\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5589\" data-end=\"5635\">If text is readable \u2192 <strong data-start=\"5611\" data-end=\"5620\">clear<\/strong> (hemolysis).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5641\" data-end=\"5680\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5643\" data-end=\"5680\">If not \u2192 <strong data-start=\"5652\" data-end=\"5662\">cloudy<\/strong> (no hemolysis).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5681\" data-end=\"5881\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5684\" data-end=\"5776\">Prepare <strong data-start=\"5692\" data-end=\"5711\">two test series<\/strong> (glucose and NaCl) using concentrations listed in <strong data-start=\"5762\" data-end=\"5773\">Table 3<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"5780\" data-end=\"5881\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5780\" data-end=\"5845\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5782\" data-end=\"5845\">Add 20 drops of solution + 1 drop of blood in each test tube.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5849\" data-end=\"5881\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"5881\">Let stand for <strong data-start=\"5865\" data-end=\"5878\">5 minutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5955\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5885\" data-end=\"5955\">Record appearance of each test tube in <strong data-start=\"5924\" data-end=\"5935\">Table 3<\/strong> (clear vs. cloudy).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<blockquote data-start=\"5957\" data-end=\"6135\">\r\n<p data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"6135\"><strong data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"5984\">Observation Question:<\/strong><br data-start=\"5984\" data-end=\"5987\" \/>When hemolysis occurs, the cell interior is __________ and the external environment is __________.<br data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6090\" \/><em data-start=\"6092\" data-end=\"6135\">(Use hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"6137\" data-end=\"6140\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"6142\" data-end=\"6179\"><strong data-start=\"6146\" data-end=\"6179\">Experiment 3: Rate of Osmosis<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ol data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6328\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6272\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6184\" data-end=\"6272\">Cut five 15 cm pieces of <strong data-start=\"6209\" data-end=\"6228\">dialysis tubing<\/strong> and soak them in DI water (5\u201310 minutes).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6273\" data-end=\"6328\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6276\" data-end=\"6328\">Label five 100 mL beakers <strong data-start=\"6302\" data-end=\"6309\">1\u20135<\/strong> and fill as shown:<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4 data-start=\"6330\" data-end=\"6379\"><strong data-start=\"6335\" data-end=\"6379\">Table 1. Experimental Set-Up for Osmosis<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6641\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6442\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6442\">\r\n<th data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6394\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6383\" data-end=\"6393\">Set-Up<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"6394\" data-end=\"6416\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6396\" data-end=\"6415\">Contents of Bag<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"6416\" data-end=\"6442\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6418\" data-end=\"6440\">Contents of Beaker<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"6508\" data-end=\"6641\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"6508\" data-end=\"6529\">\r\n<td data-start=\"6508\" data-end=\"6512\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6512\" data-end=\"6520\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6520\" data-end=\"6529\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6557\">\r\n<td data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6534\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6534\" data-end=\"6548\" data-col-size=\"sm\">20% Sucrose<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6548\" data-end=\"6557\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"6558\" data-end=\"6585\">\r\n<td data-start=\"6558\" data-end=\"6562\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6576\" data-col-size=\"sm\">40% Sucrose<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6576\" data-end=\"6585\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"6586\" data-end=\"6613\">\r\n<td data-start=\"6586\" data-end=\"6590\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6590\" data-end=\"6604\" data-col-size=\"sm\">60% Sucrose<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6604\" data-end=\"6613\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"6614\" data-end=\"6641\">\r\n<td data-start=\"6614\" data-end=\"6618\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6618\" data-end=\"6626\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"6626\" data-end=\"6641\" data-col-size=\"sm\">60% Sucrose<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"6643\" data-end=\"7141\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6643\" data-end=\"6681\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6646\" data-end=\"6681\">Tie one end of each tubing piece.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6682\" data-end=\"6755\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6685\" data-end=\"6755\">Fill each bag with the correct solution (Table 1). Tie off securely.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6756\" data-end=\"6822\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6759\" data-end=\"6822\">Record the <strong data-start=\"6770\" data-end=\"6797\">initial weight (time 0)<\/strong> of each bag (Table 4).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6871\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6826\" data-end=\"6871\">Submerge each bag in its designated beaker.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6872\" data-end=\"6971\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6875\" data-end=\"6971\">Every <strong data-start=\"6881\" data-end=\"6909\">5 minutes for 30 minutes<\/strong>, remove each bag, gently dry, weigh, and record its weight.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"6972\" data-end=\"7141\">\r\n<p data-start=\"6975\" data-end=\"7026\">After 30 minutes, calculate <strong data-start=\"7003\" data-end=\"7023\">change in weight<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mtext>Change\u00a0in\u00a0Weight<\/mtext><mo>=<\/mo><mtext>Weight\u00a0at\u00a0time\u00a0x<\/mtext><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mtext>Initial\u00a0Weight<\/mtext><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\text{Change in Weight} = \\text{Weight at time x} - \\text{Initial Weight}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">Change\u00a0in\u00a0Weight<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">Weight\u00a0at\u00a0time\u00a0x<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">Initial\u00a0Weight<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n<p data-start=\"7119\" data-end=\"7141\">Record in <strong data-start=\"7129\" data-end=\"7140\">Table 5<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"7143\" data-end=\"7146\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"7148\" data-end=\"7199\"><strong data-start=\"7152\" data-end=\"7197\">Experiment 4: Starch\u2013Iodine Demonstration<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<p data-start=\"7200\" data-end=\"7228\">(<em data-start=\"7201\" data-end=\"7227\">Instructor Demonstration<\/em>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7447\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7326\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7233\" data-end=\"7326\">A dialysis bag filled with <strong data-start=\"7260\" data-end=\"7279\">starch solution<\/strong> is placed in a beaker of <strong data-start=\"7305\" data-end=\"7323\">water + iodine<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7327\" data-end=\"7364\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7330\" data-end=\"7364\">Let stand for <strong data-start=\"7344\" data-end=\"7361\">30\u201345 minutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"7365\" data-end=\"7447\">\r\n<p data-start=\"7368\" data-end=\"7447\">Observe color change (starch turns <strong data-start=\"7403\" data-end=\"7418\">deep purple<\/strong> when it reacts with iodine).<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"7449\" data-end=\"7452\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"7454\" data-end=\"7482\"><strong data-start=\"7457\" data-end=\"7482\">Data and Observations<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3 data-start=\"7484\" data-end=\"7558\"><strong data-start=\"7488\" data-end=\"7558\">Table 2. Plasmolysis in Onion Cells at Varying Salt Concentrations<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7769\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7639\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7639\">\r\n<th data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7589\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7562\" data-end=\"7588\">NaCl Concentration (M)<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7589\" data-end=\"7596\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.00<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7596\" data-end=\"7603\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.50<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7603\" data-end=\"7610\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.21<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7610\" data-end=\"7617\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.17<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7617\" data-end=\"7624\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.13<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7624\" data-end=\"7631\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.10<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7631\" data-end=\"7639\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.07<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"7721\" data-end=\"7769\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"7721\" data-end=\"7769\">\r\n<td data-start=\"7721\" data-end=\"7754\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7723\" data-end=\"7753\">Plasmolysis Observed (Y\/N)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7754\" data-end=\"7756\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7756\" data-end=\"7758\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7758\" data-end=\"7760\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7760\" data-end=\"7762\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7762\" data-end=\"7764\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7764\" data-end=\"7766\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7766\" data-end=\"7769\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"7771\" data-end=\"7774\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"7776\" data-end=\"7817\"><strong data-start=\"7780\" data-end=\"7817\">Table 3. Hemolysis in Blood Cells<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"8026\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7893\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7893\">\r\n<th data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7843\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7821\" data-end=\"7842\">Concentration (M)<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7843\" data-end=\"7850\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.00<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7850\" data-end=\"7857\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.50<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7857\" data-end=\"7864\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.21<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7864\" data-end=\"7871\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.17<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7871\" data-end=\"7878\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.13<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7878\" data-end=\"7885\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.10<\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"7885\" data-end=\"7893\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.07<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"8026\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"7999\">\r\n<td data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"7984\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7972\" data-end=\"7983\">Glucose<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7984\" data-end=\"7986\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7986\" data-end=\"7988\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7988\" data-end=\"7990\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7990\" data-end=\"7992\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7992\" data-end=\"7994\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7994\" data-end=\"7996\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"7996\" data-end=\"7999\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8000\" data-end=\"8026\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8000\" data-end=\"8011\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8002\" data-end=\"8010\">NaCl<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8011\" data-end=\"8013\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8013\" data-end=\"8015\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8015\" data-end=\"8017\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8017\" data-end=\"8019\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8019\" data-end=\"8021\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8021\" data-end=\"8023\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8023\" data-end=\"8026\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"8028\" data-end=\"8031\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"8033\" data-end=\"8080\"><strong data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8080\">Table 4. Raw Weight Data \u2013 Osmosis Bags<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8361\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8160\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8160\">\r\n<th data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8099\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8084\" data-end=\"8098\">Time (min)<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8099\" data-end=\"8111\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8101\" data-end=\"8110\">Bag 1<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8111\" data-end=\"8123\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8113\" data-end=\"8122\">Bag 2<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8123\" data-end=\"8135\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8125\" data-end=\"8134\">Bag 3<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8135\" data-end=\"8147\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8137\" data-end=\"8146\">Bag 4<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8147\" data-end=\"8160\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8149\" data-end=\"8158\">Bag 5<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"8245\" data-end=\"8361\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"8245\" data-end=\"8260\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8245\" data-end=\"8249\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8249\" data-end=\"8251\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8251\" data-end=\"8253\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8253\" data-end=\"8255\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8255\" data-end=\"8257\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8257\" data-end=\"8260\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8276\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8265\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8265\" data-end=\"8267\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8267\" data-end=\"8269\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8269\" data-end=\"8271\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8271\" data-end=\"8273\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8273\" data-end=\"8276\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8277\" data-end=\"8293\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8277\" data-end=\"8282\" data-col-size=\"sm\">10<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8282\" data-end=\"8284\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8284\" data-end=\"8286\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8286\" data-end=\"8288\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8288\" data-end=\"8290\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8293\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8294\" data-end=\"8310\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8294\" data-end=\"8299\" data-col-size=\"sm\">15<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8299\" data-end=\"8301\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8301\" data-end=\"8303\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8303\" data-end=\"8305\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8305\" data-end=\"8307\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8307\" data-end=\"8310\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8311\" data-end=\"8327\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8311\" data-end=\"8316\" data-col-size=\"sm\">20<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8316\" data-end=\"8318\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8318\" data-end=\"8320\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8320\" data-end=\"8322\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8322\" data-end=\"8324\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8324\" data-end=\"8327\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8328\" data-end=\"8344\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8328\" data-end=\"8333\" data-col-size=\"sm\">25<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8333\" data-end=\"8335\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8335\" data-end=\"8337\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8337\" data-end=\"8339\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8339\" data-end=\"8341\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8341\" data-end=\"8344\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8345\" data-end=\"8361\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8345\" data-end=\"8350\" data-col-size=\"sm\">30<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8350\" data-end=\"8352\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8352\" data-end=\"8354\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8354\" data-end=\"8356\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8356\" data-end=\"8358\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8358\" data-end=\"8361\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"8363\" data-end=\"8366\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h3 data-start=\"8368\" data-end=\"8416\"><strong data-start=\"8372\" data-end=\"8416\">Table 5. Change in Weight \u2013 Osmosis Bags<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\r\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\r\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8697\">\r\n<thead data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8496\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8496\">\r\n<th data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8435\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8420\" data-end=\"8434\">Time (min)<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8435\" data-end=\"8447\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8437\" data-end=\"8446\">Bag 1<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8447\" data-end=\"8459\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8449\" data-end=\"8458\">Bag 2<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8459\" data-end=\"8471\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8461\" data-end=\"8470\">Bag 3<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8471\" data-end=\"8483\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8473\" data-end=\"8482\">Bag 4<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<th data-start=\"8483\" data-end=\"8496\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8485\" data-end=\"8494\">Bag 5<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody data-start=\"8581\" data-end=\"8697\">\r\n<tr data-start=\"8581\" data-end=\"8596\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8581\" data-end=\"8585\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8585\" data-end=\"8587\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8587\" data-end=\"8589\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8589\" data-end=\"8591\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8591\" data-end=\"8593\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8593\" data-end=\"8596\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8597\" data-end=\"8612\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8597\" data-end=\"8601\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8601\" data-end=\"8603\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8603\" data-end=\"8605\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8605\" data-end=\"8607\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8607\" data-end=\"8609\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8609\" data-end=\"8612\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8613\" data-end=\"8629\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8613\" data-end=\"8618\" data-col-size=\"sm\">10<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8618\" data-end=\"8620\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8620\" data-end=\"8622\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8622\" data-end=\"8624\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8624\" data-end=\"8626\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8626\" data-end=\"8629\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8646\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8635\" data-col-size=\"sm\">15<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8635\" data-end=\"8637\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8637\" data-end=\"8639\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8639\" data-end=\"8641\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8641\" data-end=\"8643\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8643\" data-end=\"8646\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8647\" data-end=\"8663\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8647\" data-end=\"8652\" data-col-size=\"sm\">20<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8652\" data-end=\"8654\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8654\" data-end=\"8656\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8656\" data-end=\"8658\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8658\" data-end=\"8660\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8660\" data-end=\"8663\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8664\" data-end=\"8680\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8664\" data-end=\"8669\" data-col-size=\"sm\">25<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8669\" data-end=\"8671\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8671\" data-end=\"8673\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8673\" data-end=\"8675\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8675\" data-end=\"8677\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8677\" data-end=\"8680\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr data-start=\"8681\" data-end=\"8697\">\r\n<td data-start=\"8681\" data-end=\"8686\" data-col-size=\"sm\">30<\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8686\" data-end=\"8688\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8688\" data-end=\"8690\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8692\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8692\" data-end=\"8694\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<td data-start=\"8694\" data-end=\"8697\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"8699\" data-end=\"8702\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"8704\" data-end=\"8727\"><strong data-start=\"8707\" data-end=\"8727\">Review Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ol data-start=\"8729\" data-end=\"9749\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8729\" data-end=\"8771\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8732\" data-end=\"8771\">Define <strong data-start=\"8739\" data-end=\"8752\">diffusion<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"8757\" data-end=\"8768\">osmosis<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8772\" data-end=\"8859\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8775\" data-end=\"8859\">What factors influence (speed up, slow down, or stop) molecular movement? Explain.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8860\" data-end=\"8942\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8863\" data-end=\"8942\">Differentiate between <strong data-start=\"8885\" data-end=\"8896\">passive<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"8898\" data-end=\"8913\">facilitated<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"8919\" data-end=\"8939\">active transport<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"8943\" data-end=\"9073\">\r\n<p data-start=\"8946\" data-end=\"9073\">Describe the conditions inside and outside a cell during <strong data-start=\"9003\" data-end=\"9018\">plasmolysis<\/strong> using the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9171\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9077\" data-end=\"9171\">Describe the conditions inside and outside a cell during <strong data-start=\"9134\" data-end=\"9147\">hemolysis<\/strong> using the same terms.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9172\" data-end=\"9229\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9175\" data-end=\"9229\">Does hemolysis occur in plant cells? Why or why not?<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9230\" data-end=\"9474\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9233\" data-end=\"9356\">Using your data from Table 5, create an <strong data-start=\"9273\" data-end=\"9294\">x\u2013y scatter graph<\/strong> (change in weight vs. time) using Excel or another program.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul data-start=\"9360\" data-end=\"9474\">\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9360\" data-end=\"9407\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9362\" data-end=\"9407\">Add <strong data-start=\"9366\" data-end=\"9380\">trendlines<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"9385\" data-end=\"9404\">slope equations<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9411\" data-end=\"9474\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9413\" data-end=\"9474\">The slope represents the <strong data-start=\"9438\" data-end=\"9471\">rate of osmosis (\u0394weight\/min)<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9475\" data-end=\"9584\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9478\" data-end=\"9584\">Interpret your graph \u2014 what does it show about <strong data-start=\"9525\" data-end=\"9547\">rate and direction<\/strong> of osmosis in different solutions?<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"9585\" data-end=\"9749\">\r\n<p data-start=\"9588\" data-end=\"9749\">For the starch\u2013iodine demonstration, explain the locations of <strong data-start=\"9650\" data-end=\"9679\">starch, water, and iodine<\/strong> before and after the experiment, and why movement occurred or didn\u2019t.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr data-start=\"9751\" data-end=\"9754\" \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 data-start=\"9756\" data-end=\"9768\"><strong data-start=\"9759\" data-end=\"9768\">Notes<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p data-start=\"9770\" data-end=\"9841\">Use this section for sketches, raw data notes, and instructor comments.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2><strong>Licenses and Attribution<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<h3><strong>CC Licensed Content, Original:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\">\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"pt-0\">\r\n<div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\r\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This educational material includes AI-generated content from ChatGPT by OpenAI. The original content created by Dr. Zeinab Motawe\u00a0from Hillsborough College is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/deed.en\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\r\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">All images in this textbook generated with DALL-E are licensed under the terms provided by OpenAI, allowing for their free use, modification, and distribution with appropriate attribution.<\/p>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3><strong>Other Licensed Content Included:<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Adapted with permission from BioScience I Laboratory Manual by Jamie Colson-Moon and Denise Bristol. Per request from these original authors, this content is now licensed (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/a>).<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<h1 data-start=\"540\" data-end=\"567\"><strong data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"567\">Laboratory 6: Osmosis<\/strong><\/h1>\n<hr data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"572\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"591\"><strong data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"591\">Objectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"642\">After completing this lab, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"989\">\n<li data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"708\">\n<p data-start=\"646\" data-end=\"708\">Discuss the flow of water across various types of membranes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"801\">\n<p data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"801\">Relate how factors such as <strong data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"748\">charge<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"761\">size<\/strong> influence transport across membranes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"903\">\n<p data-start=\"804\" data-end=\"903\">Differentiate between <strong data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"836\">active<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"841\" data-end=\"862\">passive transport<\/strong> and explain why each is used in cells.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"904\" data-end=\"989\">\n<p data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"989\">Correctly define and use the terms <strong data-start=\"941\" data-end=\"955\">hypertonic<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"970\">hypotonic<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"988\">isotonic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"994\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1012\"><strong data-start=\"999\" data-end=\"1012\">Key Terms<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<thead data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1043\">\n<tr data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1043\">\n<th data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1025\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1024\">Term<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1043\" data-col-size=\"md\"><strong data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1041\">Definition<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<tr data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1172\">\n<td data-start=\"1075\" data-end=\"1094\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Active Transport<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1172\">Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1265\">\n<td data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1198\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Concentration Gradient<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1198\" data-end=\"1265\">Difference in concentration of a substance between two regions.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1346\">\n<td data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1278\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Diffusion<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1278\" data-end=\"1346\">Movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1419\">\n<td data-start=\"1347\" data-end=\"1371\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Facilitated Diffusion<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1371\" data-end=\"1419\">Diffusion using membrane transport proteins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1492\">\n<td data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1432\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hemolysis<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1432\" data-end=\"1492\">Lysis (bursting) of red blood cells due to water influx.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1567\">\n<td data-start=\"1493\" data-end=\"1506\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hypertonic<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1506\" data-end=\"1567\">Higher solute concentration relative to another solution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1640\">\n<td data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1580\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hypotonic<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1580\" data-end=\"1640\">Lower solute concentration relative to another solution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1702\">\n<td data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1652\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Isotonic<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1652\" data-end=\"1702\">Equal solute concentrations across a membrane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1776\">\n<td data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1713\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Osmosis<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1776\" data-col-size=\"md\">Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1850\">\n<td data-start=\"1777\" data-end=\"1797\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Passive Transport<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1850\">Movement of molecules without energy expenditure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1920\">\n<td data-start=\"1851\" data-end=\"1865\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Plasmolysis<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1920\">Shrinkage of plant cell contents due to water loss.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"2005\">\n<td data-start=\"1921\" data-end=\"1945\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Selectively Permeable<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"1945\" data-end=\"2005\">Allows some substances to pass while restricting others.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2054\">\n<td data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2016\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Solutes<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2054\">Substances dissolved in a solvent.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<td data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2065\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Solvent<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"2065\" data-end=\"2124\">Substance (often water) in which solutes are dissolved.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2129\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2150\"><strong data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2150\">Introduction<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2375\">Water is essential to all living organisms. Both <strong data-start=\"2201\" data-end=\"2216\">prokaryotic<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2235\">eukaryotic<\/strong> cells are largely composed of water, and most biochemical reactions occur in aqueous environments. Without water, cells could not function.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2377\" data-end=\"2562\">Water acts as a <strong data-start=\"2393\" data-end=\"2414\">universal solvent<\/strong>, dissolving many substances (though not all, such as lipids). When molecules like sugars or salts dissolve in water, they are called <strong data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2559\">solutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2564\" data-end=\"2798\">Cell membranes are <strong data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2608\">selectively permeable<\/strong>, allowing some materials to pass while restricting others\u2014primarily based on <strong data-start=\"2686\" data-end=\"2694\">size<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2699\" data-end=\"2709\">charge<\/strong>. Small, uncharged molecules pass freely, while large or charged ones require assistance.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2800\" data-end=\"2836\"><strong data-start=\"2804\" data-end=\"2836\">Passive vs. Active Transport<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"3100\">\n<li data-start=\"2838\" data-end=\"2928\">\n<p data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2928\"><strong data-start=\"2840\" data-end=\"2862\">Passive Transport:<\/strong> Molecules move without energy input (e.g., diffusion, osmosis).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2929\" data-end=\"3011\">\n<p data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"3011\"><strong data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"2957\">Facilitated Diffusion:<\/strong> Uses membrane proteins to assist passive transport.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3012\" data-end=\"3100\">\n<p data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3100\"><strong data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3035\">Active Transport:<\/strong> Requires ATP to move molecules against a concentration gradient.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3102\" data-end=\"3105\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3107\" data-end=\"3136\"><strong data-start=\"3111\" data-end=\"3136\">Diffusion and Osmosis<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3351\">\n<li data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3237\">\n<p data-start=\"3140\" data-end=\"3237\"><strong data-start=\"3140\" data-end=\"3154\">Diffusion:<\/strong> Movement of molecules from a high to low concentration region until equilibrium.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3238\" data-end=\"3351\">\n<p data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3351\"><strong data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3252\">Osmosis:<\/strong> Special type of diffusion referring to <strong data-start=\"3292\" data-end=\"3310\">water movement<\/strong> across a selectively permeable membrane.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3353\" data-end=\"3390\">If a cell\u2019s external environment has:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3391\" data-end=\"3623\">\n<li data-start=\"3391\" data-end=\"3470\">\n<p data-start=\"3393\" data-end=\"3470\"><strong data-start=\"3393\" data-end=\"3425\">Higher solute concentration:<\/strong> It\u2019s <em data-start=\"3431\" data-end=\"3443\">hypertonic<\/em> \u2192 water leaves the cell.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3471\" data-end=\"3548\">\n<p data-start=\"3473\" data-end=\"3548\"><strong data-start=\"3473\" data-end=\"3504\">Lower solute concentration:<\/strong> It\u2019s <em data-start=\"3510\" data-end=\"3521\">hypotonic<\/em> \u2192 water enters the cell.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3549\" data-end=\"3623\">\n<p data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3623\"><strong data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3582\">Equal solute concentration:<\/strong> It\u2019s <em data-start=\"3588\" data-end=\"3598\">isotonic<\/em> \u2192 no net water movement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"3625\" data-end=\"3628\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3657\"><strong data-start=\"3634\" data-end=\"3657\">Examples in Biology<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"4069\">\n<li data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3786\">\n<p data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3786\"><strong data-start=\"3661\" data-end=\"3677\">Plasmolysis:<\/strong> In plant cells, water loss causes the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall, leading to wilting.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3902\">\n<p data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3902\"><strong data-start=\"3789\" data-end=\"3803\">Hemolysis:<\/strong> In animal cells (like red blood cells), too much water entering causes cells to swell and burst.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3903\" data-end=\"4069\">\n<p data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"4069\"><strong data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3923\">Human Example:<\/strong> After swimming in freshwater (hypotonic), cells absorb water; in seawater (hypertonic), water leaves cells, leading to dehydration and wrinkling.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4071\" data-end=\"4074\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4076\" data-end=\"4092\"><strong data-start=\"4079\" data-end=\"4092\">Materials<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4541\">\n<li data-start=\"4094\" data-end=\"4132\">\n<p data-start=\"4096\" data-end=\"4132\">7 microscope slides and coverslips<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4133\" data-end=\"4154\">\n<p data-start=\"4135\" data-end=\"4154\">Purple onion skin<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4155\" data-end=\"4196\">\n<p data-start=\"4157\" data-end=\"4196\">Dialysis tubing (10 pieces, 15\u201320 cm)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4197\" data-end=\"4236\">\n<p data-start=\"4199\" data-end=\"4236\">Beakers: one 250 mL and five 100 mL<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4237\" data-end=\"4251\">\n<p data-start=\"4239\" data-end=\"4251\">Microscope<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4252\" data-end=\"4283\">\n<p data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4283\">18 small (10 mL) test tubes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4284\" data-end=\"4324\">\n<p data-start=\"4286\" data-end=\"4324\">NaCl, glucose, and sucrose solutions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4325\" data-end=\"4349\">\n<p data-start=\"4327\" data-end=\"4349\">Physiological saline<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4350\" data-end=\"4369\">\n<p data-start=\"4352\" data-end=\"4369\">DI water bottle<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4370\" data-end=\"4400\">\n<p data-start=\"4372\" data-end=\"4400\">Pipettes and pipette pumps<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4401\" data-end=\"4456\">\n<p data-start=\"4403\" data-end=\"4456\">Ruler, tape, scissors, string (10 pieces, 10\u201315 cm)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4457\" data-end=\"4503\">\n<p data-start=\"4459\" data-end=\"4503\">Test tube holder, Sharpie or grease pencil<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4504\" data-end=\"4541\">\n<p data-start=\"4506\" data-end=\"4541\">Electronic balance and weigh boat<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"4543\" data-end=\"4546\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"4548\" data-end=\"4565\"><strong data-start=\"4551\" data-end=\"4565\">Procedures<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"4567\" data-end=\"4615\"><strong data-start=\"4571\" data-end=\"4615\">Experiment 1: Plasmolysis in Onion Cells<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"5121\">\n<li data-start=\"4617\" data-end=\"4742\">\n<p data-start=\"4620\" data-end=\"4742\">Label seven slides for salt concentrations: <strong data-start=\"4664\" data-end=\"4673\">1.00M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4675\" data-end=\"4684\">0.50M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4686\" data-end=\"4695\">0.21M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4697\" data-end=\"4706\">0.17M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4708\" data-end=\"4717\">0.13M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4719\" data-end=\"4728\">0.10M<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4730\" data-end=\"4739\">0.07M<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4743\" data-end=\"4812\">\n<p data-start=\"4746\" data-end=\"4812\">Place one drop of the corresponding salt solution on each slide.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4813\" data-end=\"4888\">\n<p data-start=\"4816\" data-end=\"4888\">Tear <strong data-start=\"4821\" data-end=\"4859\">thin pieces of red onion epidermis<\/strong>\u2014only one cell layer thick.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4889\" data-end=\"4945\">\n<p data-start=\"4892\" data-end=\"4945\">Place one onion piece into each salt solution drop.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4946\" data-end=\"4989\">\n<p data-start=\"4949\" data-end=\"4989\">Let the slides sit for <strong data-start=\"4972\" data-end=\"4986\">10 minutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4990\" data-end=\"5048\">\n<p data-start=\"4993\" data-end=\"5048\">Add a coverslip using the proper wet-mount technique.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5049\" data-end=\"5121\">\n<p data-start=\"5052\" data-end=\"5121\">Observe under the microscope and record plasmolysis in <strong data-start=\"5107\" data-end=\"5118\">Table 2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote data-start=\"5123\" data-end=\"5294\">\n<p data-start=\"5125\" data-end=\"5294\"><strong data-start=\"5125\" data-end=\"5150\">Observation Question:<\/strong><br data-start=\"5150\" data-end=\"5153\" \/>When plasmolysis occurs, the cell interior is __________ and the environment is __________.<br data-start=\"5246\" data-end=\"5249\" \/><em data-start=\"5251\" data-end=\"5294\">(Use hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"5296\" data-end=\"5299\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"5301\" data-end=\"5347\"><strong data-start=\"5305\" data-end=\"5347\">Experiment 2: Hemolysis in Blood Cells<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"5349\" data-end=\"5955\">\n<li data-start=\"5349\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<p data-start=\"5352\" data-end=\"5375\">Prepare <strong data-start=\"5360\" data-end=\"5372\">controls<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5379\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<li data-start=\"5379\" data-end=\"5463\">\n<p data-start=\"5381\" data-end=\"5463\"><strong data-start=\"5381\" data-end=\"5402\">Negative Control:<\/strong> 2 mL physiological saline + 2 drops of blood \u2192 mix gently.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5467\" data-end=\"5539\">\n<p data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5539\"><strong data-start=\"5469\" data-end=\"5490\">Positive Control:<\/strong> 2 mL DI water + 2 drops of blood \u2192 mix gently.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5543\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<p data-start=\"5545\" data-end=\"5581\">Hold each tube up to printed text:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<li data-start=\"5587\" data-end=\"5635\">\n<p data-start=\"5589\" data-end=\"5635\">If text is readable \u2192 <strong data-start=\"5611\" data-end=\"5620\">clear<\/strong> (hemolysis).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5641\" data-end=\"5680\">\n<p data-start=\"5643\" data-end=\"5680\">If not \u2192 <strong data-start=\"5652\" data-end=\"5662\">cloudy<\/strong> (no hemolysis).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5681\" data-end=\"5881\">\n<p data-start=\"5684\" data-end=\"5776\">Prepare <strong data-start=\"5692\" data-end=\"5711\">two test series<\/strong> (glucose and NaCl) using concentrations listed in <strong data-start=\"5762\" data-end=\"5773\">Table 3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"5780\" data-end=\"5881\">\n<li data-start=\"5780\" data-end=\"5845\">\n<p data-start=\"5782\" data-end=\"5845\">Add 20 drops of solution + 1 drop of blood in each test tube.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5849\" data-end=\"5881\">\n<p data-start=\"5851\" data-end=\"5881\">Let stand for <strong data-start=\"5865\" data-end=\"5878\">5 minutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5882\" data-end=\"5955\">\n<p data-start=\"5885\" data-end=\"5955\">Record appearance of each test tube in <strong data-start=\"5924\" data-end=\"5935\">Table 3<\/strong> (clear vs. cloudy).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote data-start=\"5957\" data-end=\"6135\">\n<p data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"6135\"><strong data-start=\"5959\" data-end=\"5984\">Observation Question:<\/strong><br data-start=\"5984\" data-end=\"5987\" \/>When hemolysis occurs, the cell interior is __________ and the external environment is __________.<br data-start=\"6087\" data-end=\"6090\" \/><em data-start=\"6092\" data-end=\"6135\">(Use hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"6137\" data-end=\"6140\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"6142\" data-end=\"6179\"><strong data-start=\"6146\" data-end=\"6179\">Experiment 3: Rate of Osmosis<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6328\">\n<li data-start=\"6181\" data-end=\"6272\">\n<p data-start=\"6184\" data-end=\"6272\">Cut five 15 cm pieces of <strong data-start=\"6209\" data-end=\"6228\">dialysis tubing<\/strong> and soak them in DI water (5\u201310 minutes).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6273\" data-end=\"6328\">\n<p data-start=\"6276\" data-end=\"6328\">Label five 100 mL beakers <strong data-start=\"6302\" data-end=\"6309\">1\u20135<\/strong> and fill as shown:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"6330\" data-end=\"6379\"><strong data-start=\"6335\" data-end=\"6379\">Table 1. Experimental Set-Up for Osmosis<\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6641\">\n<thead data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6442\">\n<tr data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6442\">\n<th data-start=\"6381\" data-end=\"6394\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6383\" data-end=\"6393\">Set-Up<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6394\" data-end=\"6416\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6396\" data-end=\"6415\">Contents of Bag<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"6416\" data-end=\"6442\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6418\" data-end=\"6440\">Contents of Beaker<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"6508\" data-end=\"6641\">\n<tr data-start=\"6508\" data-end=\"6529\">\n<td data-start=\"6508\" data-end=\"6512\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6512\" data-end=\"6520\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6520\" data-end=\"6529\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6557\">\n<td data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6534\" data-col-size=\"sm\">2<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6534\" data-end=\"6548\" data-col-size=\"sm\">20% Sucrose<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6548\" data-end=\"6557\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6558\" data-end=\"6585\">\n<td data-start=\"6558\" data-end=\"6562\" data-col-size=\"sm\">3<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6562\" data-end=\"6576\" data-col-size=\"sm\">40% Sucrose<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6576\" data-end=\"6585\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6586\" data-end=\"6613\">\n<td data-start=\"6586\" data-end=\"6590\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6590\" data-end=\"6604\" data-col-size=\"sm\">60% Sucrose<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6604\" data-end=\"6613\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6614\" data-end=\"6641\">\n<td data-start=\"6614\" data-end=\"6618\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6618\" data-end=\"6626\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Water<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6626\" data-end=\"6641\" data-col-size=\"sm\">60% Sucrose<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ol start=\"3\" data-start=\"6643\" data-end=\"7141\">\n<li data-start=\"6643\" data-end=\"6681\">\n<p data-start=\"6646\" data-end=\"6681\">Tie one end of each tubing piece.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6682\" data-end=\"6755\">\n<p data-start=\"6685\" data-end=\"6755\">Fill each bag with the correct solution (Table 1). Tie off securely.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6756\" data-end=\"6822\">\n<p data-start=\"6759\" data-end=\"6822\">Record the <strong data-start=\"6770\" data-end=\"6797\">initial weight (time 0)<\/strong> of each bag (Table 4).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6823\" data-end=\"6871\">\n<p data-start=\"6826\" data-end=\"6871\">Submerge each bag in its designated beaker.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6872\" data-end=\"6971\">\n<p data-start=\"6875\" data-end=\"6971\">Every <strong data-start=\"6881\" data-end=\"6909\">5 minutes for 30 minutes<\/strong>, remove each bag, gently dry, weigh, and record its weight.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6972\" data-end=\"7141\">\n<p data-start=\"6975\" data-end=\"7026\">After 30 minutes, calculate <strong data-start=\"7003\" data-end=\"7023\">change in weight<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><math display=\"block\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mtext>Change\u00a0in\u00a0Weight<\/mtext><mo>=<\/mo><mtext>Weight\u00a0at\u00a0time\u00a0x<\/mtext><mo>\u2212<\/mo><mtext>Initial\u00a0Weight<\/mtext><\/mrow><annotation encoding=\"application\/x-tex\">\\text{Change in Weight} = \\text{Weight at time x} &#8211; \\text{Initial Weight}<\/annotation><\/semantics><\/math><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">Change\u00a0in\u00a0Weight<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">=<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">Weight\u00a0at\u00a0time\u00a0x<\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">\u2212<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord text\"><span class=\"mord\">Initial\u00a0Weight<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7119\" data-end=\"7141\">Record in <strong data-start=\"7129\" data-end=\"7140\">Table 5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"7143\" data-end=\"7146\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"7148\" data-end=\"7199\"><strong data-start=\"7152\" data-end=\"7197\">Experiment 4: Starch\u2013Iodine Demonstration<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7200\" data-end=\"7228\">(<em data-start=\"7201\" data-end=\"7227\">Instructor Demonstration<\/em>)<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7447\">\n<li data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7326\">\n<p data-start=\"7233\" data-end=\"7326\">A dialysis bag filled with <strong data-start=\"7260\" data-end=\"7279\">starch solution<\/strong> is placed in a beaker of <strong data-start=\"7305\" data-end=\"7323\">water + iodine<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7327\" data-end=\"7364\">\n<p data-start=\"7330\" data-end=\"7364\">Let stand for <strong data-start=\"7344\" data-end=\"7361\">30\u201345 minutes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7365\" data-end=\"7447\">\n<p data-start=\"7368\" data-end=\"7447\">Observe color change (starch turns <strong data-start=\"7403\" data-end=\"7418\">deep purple<\/strong> when it reacts with iodine).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"7449\" data-end=\"7452\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"7454\" data-end=\"7482\"><strong data-start=\"7457\" data-end=\"7482\">Data and Observations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"7484\" data-end=\"7558\"><strong data-start=\"7488\" data-end=\"7558\">Table 2. Plasmolysis in Onion Cells at Varying Salt Concentrations<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7769\">\n<thead data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7639\">\n<tr data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7639\">\n<th data-start=\"7560\" data-end=\"7589\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7562\" data-end=\"7588\">NaCl Concentration (M)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7589\" data-end=\"7596\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.00<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7596\" data-end=\"7603\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.50<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7603\" data-end=\"7610\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.21<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7610\" data-end=\"7617\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.17<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7617\" data-end=\"7624\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.13<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7624\" data-end=\"7631\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.10<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7631\" data-end=\"7639\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.07<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"7721\" data-end=\"7769\">\n<tr data-start=\"7721\" data-end=\"7769\">\n<td data-start=\"7721\" data-end=\"7754\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7723\" data-end=\"7753\">Plasmolysis Observed (Y\/N)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7754\" data-end=\"7756\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7756\" data-end=\"7758\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7758\" data-end=\"7760\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7760\" data-end=\"7762\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7762\" data-end=\"7764\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7764\" data-end=\"7766\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7766\" data-end=\"7769\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"7771\" data-end=\"7774\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"7776\" data-end=\"7817\"><strong data-start=\"7780\" data-end=\"7817\">Table 3. Hemolysis in Blood Cells<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"8026\">\n<thead data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7893\">\n<tr data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7893\">\n<th data-start=\"7819\" data-end=\"7843\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7821\" data-end=\"7842\">Concentration (M)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7843\" data-end=\"7850\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.00<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7850\" data-end=\"7857\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.50<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7857\" data-end=\"7864\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.21<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7864\" data-end=\"7871\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.17<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7871\" data-end=\"7878\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.13<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7878\" data-end=\"7885\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.10<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"7885\" data-end=\"7893\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0.07<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"8026\">\n<tr data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"7999\">\n<td data-start=\"7970\" data-end=\"7984\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"7972\" data-end=\"7983\">Glucose<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7984\" data-end=\"7986\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7986\" data-end=\"7988\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7988\" data-end=\"7990\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7990\" data-end=\"7992\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7992\" data-end=\"7994\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7994\" data-end=\"7996\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"7996\" data-end=\"7999\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8000\" data-end=\"8026\">\n<td data-start=\"8000\" data-end=\"8011\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8002\" data-end=\"8010\">NaCl<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8011\" data-end=\"8013\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8013\" data-end=\"8015\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8015\" data-end=\"8017\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8017\" data-end=\"8019\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8019\" data-end=\"8021\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8021\" data-end=\"8023\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8023\" data-end=\"8026\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"8028\" data-end=\"8031\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"8033\" data-end=\"8080\"><strong data-start=\"8037\" data-end=\"8080\">Table 4. Raw Weight Data \u2013 Osmosis Bags<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8361\">\n<thead data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8160\">\n<tr data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8160\">\n<th data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8099\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8084\" data-end=\"8098\">Time (min)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8099\" data-end=\"8111\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8101\" data-end=\"8110\">Bag 1<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8111\" data-end=\"8123\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8113\" data-end=\"8122\">Bag 2<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8123\" data-end=\"8135\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8125\" data-end=\"8134\">Bag 3<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8135\" data-end=\"8147\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8137\" data-end=\"8146\">Bag 4<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8147\" data-end=\"8160\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8149\" data-end=\"8158\">Bag 5<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8245\" data-end=\"8361\">\n<tr data-start=\"8245\" data-end=\"8260\">\n<td data-start=\"8245\" data-end=\"8249\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8249\" data-end=\"8251\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8251\" data-end=\"8253\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8253\" data-end=\"8255\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8255\" data-end=\"8257\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8257\" data-end=\"8260\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8276\">\n<td data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8265\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8265\" data-end=\"8267\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8267\" data-end=\"8269\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8269\" data-end=\"8271\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8271\" data-end=\"8273\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8273\" data-end=\"8276\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8277\" data-end=\"8293\">\n<td data-start=\"8277\" data-end=\"8282\" data-col-size=\"sm\">10<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8282\" data-end=\"8284\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8284\" data-end=\"8286\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8286\" data-end=\"8288\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8288\" data-end=\"8290\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8290\" data-end=\"8293\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8294\" data-end=\"8310\">\n<td data-start=\"8294\" data-end=\"8299\" data-col-size=\"sm\">15<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8299\" data-end=\"8301\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8301\" data-end=\"8303\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8303\" data-end=\"8305\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8305\" data-end=\"8307\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8307\" data-end=\"8310\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8311\" data-end=\"8327\">\n<td data-start=\"8311\" data-end=\"8316\" data-col-size=\"sm\">20<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8316\" data-end=\"8318\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8318\" data-end=\"8320\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8320\" data-end=\"8322\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8322\" data-end=\"8324\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8324\" data-end=\"8327\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8328\" data-end=\"8344\">\n<td data-start=\"8328\" data-end=\"8333\" data-col-size=\"sm\">25<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8333\" data-end=\"8335\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8335\" data-end=\"8337\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8337\" data-end=\"8339\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8339\" data-end=\"8341\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8341\" data-end=\"8344\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8345\" data-end=\"8361\">\n<td data-start=\"8345\" data-end=\"8350\" data-col-size=\"sm\">30<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8350\" data-end=\"8352\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8352\" data-end=\"8354\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8354\" data-end=\"8356\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8356\" data-end=\"8358\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8358\" data-end=\"8361\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"8363\" data-end=\"8366\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"8368\" data-end=\"8416\"><strong data-start=\"8372\" data-end=\"8416\">Table 5. Change in Weight \u2013 Osmosis Bags<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"grid\" data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8697\">\n<thead data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8496\">\n<tr data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8496\">\n<th data-start=\"8418\" data-end=\"8435\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8420\" data-end=\"8434\">Time (min)<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8435\" data-end=\"8447\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8437\" data-end=\"8446\">Bag 1<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8447\" data-end=\"8459\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8449\" data-end=\"8458\">Bag 2<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8459\" data-end=\"8471\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8461\" data-end=\"8470\">Bag 3<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8471\" data-end=\"8483\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8473\" data-end=\"8482\">Bag 4<\/strong><\/th>\n<th data-start=\"8483\" data-end=\"8496\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"8485\" data-end=\"8494\">Bag 5<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"8581\" data-end=\"8697\">\n<tr data-start=\"8581\" data-end=\"8596\">\n<td data-start=\"8581\" data-end=\"8585\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8585\" data-end=\"8587\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8587\" data-end=\"8589\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8589\" data-end=\"8591\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8591\" data-end=\"8593\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8593\" data-end=\"8596\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8597\" data-end=\"8612\">\n<td data-start=\"8597\" data-end=\"8601\" data-col-size=\"sm\">5<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8601\" data-end=\"8603\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8603\" data-end=\"8605\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8605\" data-end=\"8607\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8607\" data-end=\"8609\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8609\" data-end=\"8612\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8613\" data-end=\"8629\">\n<td data-start=\"8613\" data-end=\"8618\" data-col-size=\"sm\">10<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8618\" data-end=\"8620\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8620\" data-end=\"8622\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8622\" data-end=\"8624\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8624\" data-end=\"8626\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8626\" data-end=\"8629\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8646\">\n<td data-start=\"8630\" data-end=\"8635\" data-col-size=\"sm\">15<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8635\" data-end=\"8637\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8637\" data-end=\"8639\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8639\" data-end=\"8641\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8641\" data-end=\"8643\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8643\" data-end=\"8646\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8647\" data-end=\"8663\">\n<td data-start=\"8647\" data-end=\"8652\" data-col-size=\"sm\">20<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8652\" data-end=\"8654\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8654\" data-end=\"8656\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8656\" data-end=\"8658\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8658\" data-end=\"8660\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8660\" data-end=\"8663\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8664\" data-end=\"8680\">\n<td data-start=\"8664\" data-end=\"8669\" data-col-size=\"sm\">25<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8669\" data-end=\"8671\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8671\" data-end=\"8673\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8673\" data-end=\"8675\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8675\" data-end=\"8677\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8677\" data-end=\"8680\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"8681\" data-end=\"8697\">\n<td data-start=\"8681\" data-end=\"8686\" data-col-size=\"sm\">30<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8686\" data-end=\"8688\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8688\" data-end=\"8690\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8690\" data-end=\"8692\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8692\" data-end=\"8694\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"8694\" data-end=\"8697\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"8699\" data-end=\"8702\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"8704\" data-end=\"8727\"><strong data-start=\"8707\" data-end=\"8727\">Review Questions<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"8729\" data-end=\"9749\">\n<li data-start=\"8729\" data-end=\"8771\">\n<p data-start=\"8732\" data-end=\"8771\">Define <strong data-start=\"8739\" data-end=\"8752\">diffusion<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"8757\" data-end=\"8768\">osmosis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8772\" data-end=\"8859\">\n<p data-start=\"8775\" data-end=\"8859\">What factors influence (speed up, slow down, or stop) molecular movement? Explain.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8860\" data-end=\"8942\">\n<p data-start=\"8863\" data-end=\"8942\">Differentiate between <strong data-start=\"8885\" data-end=\"8896\">passive<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"8898\" data-end=\"8913\">facilitated<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"8919\" data-end=\"8939\">active transport<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8943\" data-end=\"9073\">\n<p data-start=\"8946\" data-end=\"9073\">Describe the conditions inside and outside a cell during <strong data-start=\"9003\" data-end=\"9018\">plasmolysis<\/strong> using the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9074\" data-end=\"9171\">\n<p data-start=\"9077\" data-end=\"9171\">Describe the conditions inside and outside a cell during <strong data-start=\"9134\" data-end=\"9147\">hemolysis<\/strong> using the same terms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9172\" data-end=\"9229\">\n<p data-start=\"9175\" data-end=\"9229\">Does hemolysis occur in plant cells? Why or why not?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9230\" data-end=\"9474\">\n<p data-start=\"9233\" data-end=\"9356\">Using your data from Table 5, create an <strong data-start=\"9273\" data-end=\"9294\">x\u2013y scatter graph<\/strong> (change in weight vs. time) using Excel or another program.<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"9360\" data-end=\"9474\">\n<li data-start=\"9360\" data-end=\"9407\">\n<p data-start=\"9362\" data-end=\"9407\">Add <strong data-start=\"9366\" data-end=\"9380\">trendlines<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"9385\" data-end=\"9404\">slope equations<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9411\" data-end=\"9474\">\n<p data-start=\"9413\" data-end=\"9474\">The slope represents the <strong data-start=\"9438\" data-end=\"9471\">rate of osmosis (\u0394weight\/min)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9475\" data-end=\"9584\">\n<p data-start=\"9478\" data-end=\"9584\">Interpret your graph \u2014 what does it show about <strong data-start=\"9525\" data-end=\"9547\">rate and direction<\/strong> of osmosis in different solutions?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9585\" data-end=\"9749\">\n<p data-start=\"9588\" data-end=\"9749\">For the starch\u2013iodine demonstration, explain the locations of <strong data-start=\"9650\" data-end=\"9679\">starch, water, and iodine<\/strong> before and after the experiment, and why movement occurred or didn\u2019t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr data-start=\"9751\" data-end=\"9754\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"9756\" data-end=\"9768\"><strong data-start=\"9759\" data-end=\"9768\">Notes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"9770\" data-end=\"9841\">Use this section for sketches, raw data notes, and instructor comments.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Licenses and Attribution<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>CC Licensed Content, Original:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"flex-shrink-0 flex flex-col relative items-end\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"pt-0\">\n<div class=\"gizmo-bot-avatar flex h-8 w-8 items-center justify-center overflow-hidden rounded-full\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">This educational material includes AI-generated content from ChatGPT by OpenAI. The original content created by Dr. Zeinab Motawe\u00a0from Hillsborough College is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/deed.en\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"relative p-1 rounded-sm flex items-center justify-center bg-token-main-surface-primary text-token-text-primary h-8 w-8\">\n<p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\">All images in this textbook generated with DALL-E are licensed under the terms provided by OpenAI, allowing for their free use, modification, and distribution with appropriate attribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Other Licensed Content Included:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Adapted with permission from BioScience I Laboratory Manual by Jamie Colson-Moon and Denise Bristol. Per request from these original authors, this content is now licensed (<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":130,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-249","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":18,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/130"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":332,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249\/revisions\/332"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/18"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/249\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=249"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=249"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/bio1ss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}