{"id":149,"date":"2022-02-22T13:53:39","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T13:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/chapter\/methods-of-speech-delivery\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T18:47:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T18:47:53","slug":"methods-of-speech-delivery","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/chapter\/methods-of-speech-delivery\/","title":{"raw":"9.2 Methods of Speech Delivery","rendered":"9.2 Methods of Speech Delivery"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 class=\"chapter-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">9.2 Methods of Speech Delivery<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_695\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<img class=\"wp-image-695 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/2022\/02\/pexels-matheus-bertelli-3856027-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"group of people watching someone talk\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/> Photo by Matheus Bertelli via Pexels.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nWhat follows are four methods of delivery that can help you balance between too much and too little formality when giving a speech. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, but you will most likely want to focus on the extemporaneous approach, since that is probably what your instructor will want from you.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Methods of Speech Delivery<\/h3>\r\nWhen preparing to deliver a speech, it\u2019s important to strike a balance between excessive formality and casual informality. There are four primary methods of delivery, each with its own advantages and limitations. While all are useful in different contexts, your instructor will most likely expect you to focus on <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"479\"]extemporaneous speaking[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, which is the most common and effective method in classroom and professional settings.\r\n<h4><strong>1. Impromptu Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"481\"]Impromptu speaking[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> involves delivering a message without prior preparation. You\u2019ve likely engaged in impromptu speaking in everyday conversations\u2014introducing yourself in a group setting or responding to a question like, \u201cWhat did you think of the movie?\u201d These moments require you to organize your thoughts and speak on the spot.\r\n\r\nIn more formal contexts, impromptu speaking might occur unexpectedly\u2014for example, if your supervisor asks you to provide a project update during a meeting without warning.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Spontaneous and responsive<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Can feel natural and conversational<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Disadvantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Limited time to organize thoughts<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Risk of disorganized or unclear messaging<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Tips for Effective Impromptu Speaking<\/strong>:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Pause briefly<\/strong> to gather your thoughts.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Acknowledge the invitation<\/strong> to speak without apologizing or expressing discomfort.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>State your main point clearly and concisely<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Stay focused<\/strong> on the prompt or question.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Use structure<\/strong> when possible (e.g., \u201cThree key points\u2026\u201d or \u201cPast, present, future\u2026\u201d).<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Conclude gracefully<\/strong> by thanking the audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Avoid rambling<\/strong>\u2014end your speech with intention.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nImpromptu speeches are most effective when they are brief, focused, and centered around a single clear idea.\r\n<h4><strong>2. Manuscript Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"485\"]Manuscript speaking[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> involves reading a speech word-for-word from a written script. This method ensures precision and is often used in situations where exact wording is critical\u2014such as legal statements, formal ceremonies, or official announcements.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Guarantees accuracy<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Useful for formal or sensitive occasions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Disadvantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Can sound monotonous if not rehearsed<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Limits eye contact and audience engagement<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTo make manuscript delivery more engaging, speakers must rehearse extensively, incorporating vocal variety and gestures. Professional speakers, broadcasters, and politicians often use tools like TelePrompTers to maintain eye contact while reading. Success with these tools depends on two key factors:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>The speaker\u2019s ability to deliver with a conversational tone.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A script written in natural, spoken language.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nIn most classroom settings, manuscript delivery is discouraged. Your instructor will likely expect you to speak extemporaneously.\r\n<h4><strong>Memorized Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<strong>3. [pb_glossary id=\"487\"]Memorized speaking[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> involves reciting a speech that has been committed to memory. This method is commonly used by actors and performers, but it can also be effective in speeches where precise wording is important and the speaker wants to move freely without notes.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Enables full eye contact and physical movement<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Useful when visual aids or gestures are important<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Disadvantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Risk of forgetting parts of the speech<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Can sound mechanical if not well-rehearsed<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWhile memorization can enhance delivery, it requires significant time and effort. For most classroom presentations, memorized speaking is not required and may even be discouraged unless specified by your instructor.\r\n<h4><strong>4. Extemporaneous Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"479\"]Extemporaneous speaking[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> is the delivery of a well-prepared and rehearsed speech using brief notes or an outline. This method strikes a balance between preparation and spontaneity, allowing the speaker to engage with the audience while maintaining structure.\r\n\r\n<strong>Advantages<\/strong>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Encourages eye contact and audience connection<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Allows flexibility and adaptation during delivery<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Enhances credibility and engagement<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nExtemporaneous speaking is especially valuable in academic settings, where instructors often assess your ability to maintain eye contact, speak confidently, and demonstrate mastery of your topic. You may be required to prepare both a <strong>preparation outline<\/strong> and a <strong>speaking outline<\/strong>, which are discussed in detail in Chapter 6.\r\n\r\nBecause this method requires familiarity with your content\u2014not memorization\u2014it\u2019s essential to practice multiple times before presenting. The more you rehearse, the more natural and confident your delivery will become.\r\n<h3 class=\"ugc chapter-ugc\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Choosing the Right Method<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Each method of delivery serves a purpose depending on the context, audience, and goals of the speech. For your public speaking course, extemporaneous delivery will likely be the standard. It offers the best combination of preparation, flexibility, and audience engagement\u2014skills that will serve you well in academic, professional, and civic settings.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<h3>Licenses and Attribution<\/h3>\r\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Original<\/h4>\r\n<em>Speech Communication<\/em> was created by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres. Independently created original and AI-assisted content developed specifically for this book is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n\r\nThis educational material includes content generated or revised with the assistance of large language models. Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres reviewed, edited, and take responsibility for the final published content.\r\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Previously Shared<\/h4>\r\n<h5>Methods of Speech Delivery<\/h5>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/louis.pressbooks.pub\/publicspeaking\/chapter\/methods-of-speech-delivery\/\">\u201c9.2 Methods of Speech Delivery\u201d<\/a> by Douglas Marshall, James Yeargain, June Pulliam, Sara Kim, and Victoria VanNest, published in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/louis.pressbooks.pub\/publicspeaking\/\">It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/a><\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network, was adapted for this section.\r\n\r\nThe source material is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. The material was revised, reorganized, expanded, updated, and supplemented with original and AI-assisted content for this edition.\r\n\r\nAdapted portions derived from this source, including revisions to those portions, are licensed under the <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. Independently created portions developed specifically for <em>Speech Communication<\/em> are licensed under the book\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n<h4>Other Licensed Content Included<\/h4>\r\n<h5>Group Watching a Speaker<\/h5>\r\nPhotograph by Matheus Bertelli, available through Pexels.\r\n\r\nTerms of use: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels License<\/a>.\r\n\r\nChanges: The photograph was resized, and its alternative text and caption were revised for this edition.\r\n<h4>Other Content Included<\/h4>\r\n<h5>The Art of Public Speaking<\/h5>\r\nLucas, S. E. (2023). <em>The art of public speaking<\/em> (13th ed.). McGraw Hill.\r\n\r\nThis source informed the discussion of impromptu, manuscript, memorized, and extemporaneous delivery. The publication remains subject to the rights of its author and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n<h5>A Speaker\u2019s Guidebook<\/h5>\r\nO\u2019Hair, D., Stewart, R., &amp; Rubenstein, H. (2022). <em>A speaker\u2019s guidebook<\/em> (8th ed.). Bedford\/St. Martin\u2019s.\r\n\r\nThis source informed the discussion of delivery methods, preparation, rehearsal, use of notes, and audience engagement. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n<h5>Stand Up, Speak Out<\/h5>\r\nOpenStax. (2020). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/details\/books\/stand-up-speak-out\">Stand up, speak out: The practice and ethics of public speaking<\/a><\/em>. Rice University.\r\n\r\nThis resource informed the discussion of speech-delivery methods and extemporaneous speaking. It remains subject to the license and attribution information provided by OpenStax.\r\n<h5>The Challenge of Effective Speaking<\/h5>\r\nVerderber, R. F., Verderber, K. S., &amp; Sellnow, D. D. (2023). <em>The challenge of effective speaking<\/em> (18th ed.). Cengage Learning.\r\n\r\nThis source informed the discussion of speech delivery, preparation, professionalism, flexibility, and audience connection. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n<h4>Third-Party References and Links<\/h4>\r\nBooks, photographs, products, trademarks, technologies, examples, linked webpages, and other third-party materials referenced in this section remain the property of their respective authors, photographers, publishers, organizations, and rights holders.\r\n\r\nThe inclusion of these names, examples, citations, and links does not imply endorsement and does not place the underlying third-party materials under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n\r\nUnless a separate license or public-domain status is specifically identified, third-party content may not be copied, redistributed, or adapted independently of the permissions provided by its copyright holder or applicable law.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2 class=\"chapter-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">9.2 Methods of Speech Delivery<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_695\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-695\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-695 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/107\/2022\/02\/pexels-matheus-bertelli-3856027-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"group of people watching someone talk\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-695\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Matheus Bertelli via Pexels.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>What follows are four methods of delivery that can help you balance between too much and too little formality when giving a speech. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, but you will most likely want to focus on the extemporaneous approach, since that is probably what your instructor will want from you.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Methods of Speech Delivery<\/h3>\n<p>When preparing to deliver a speech, it\u2019s important to strike a balance between excessive formality and casual informality. There are four primary methods of delivery, each with its own advantages and limitations. While all are useful in different contexts, your instructor will most likely expect you to focus on <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"149-479\">extemporaneous speaking<\/button><\/strong>, which is the most common and effective method in classroom and professional settings.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. Impromptu Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"149-481\">Impromptu speaking<\/button><\/strong> involves delivering a message without prior preparation. You\u2019ve likely engaged in impromptu speaking in everyday conversations\u2014introducing yourself in a group setting or responding to a question like, \u201cWhat did you think of the movie?\u201d These moments require you to organize your thoughts and speak on the spot.<\/p>\n<p>In more formal contexts, impromptu speaking might occur unexpectedly\u2014for example, if your supervisor asks you to provide a project update during a meeting without warning.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spontaneous and responsive<\/li>\n<li>Can feel natural and conversational<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Limited time to organize thoughts<\/li>\n<li>Risk of disorganized or unclear messaging<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tips for Effective Impromptu Speaking<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Pause briefly<\/strong> to gather your thoughts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acknowledge the invitation<\/strong> to speak without apologizing or expressing discomfort.<\/li>\n<li><strong>State your main point clearly and concisely<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stay focused<\/strong> on the prompt or question.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use structure<\/strong> when possible (e.g., \u201cThree key points\u2026\u201d or \u201cPast, present, future\u2026\u201d).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conclude gracefully<\/strong> by thanking the audience.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid rambling<\/strong>\u2014end your speech with intention.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Impromptu speeches are most effective when they are brief, focused, and centered around a single clear idea.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. Manuscript Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"149-485\">Manuscript speaking<\/button><\/strong> involves reading a speech word-for-word from a written script. This method ensures precision and is often used in situations where exact wording is critical\u2014such as legal statements, formal ceremonies, or official announcements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Guarantees accuracy<\/li>\n<li>Useful for formal or sensitive occasions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Can sound monotonous if not rehearsed<\/li>\n<li>Limits eye contact and audience engagement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To make manuscript delivery more engaging, speakers must rehearse extensively, incorporating vocal variety and gestures. Professional speakers, broadcasters, and politicians often use tools like TelePrompTers to maintain eye contact while reading. Success with these tools depends on two key factors:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The speaker\u2019s ability to deliver with a conversational tone.<\/li>\n<li>A script written in natural, spoken language.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In most classroom settings, manuscript delivery is discouraged. Your instructor will likely expect you to speak extemporaneously.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Memorized Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>3. <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"149-487\">Memorized speaking<\/button><\/strong> involves reciting a speech that has been committed to memory. This method is commonly used by actors and performers, but it can also be effective in speeches where precise wording is important and the speaker wants to move freely without notes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enables full eye contact and physical movement<\/li>\n<li>Useful when visual aids or gestures are important<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Risk of forgetting parts of the speech<\/li>\n<li>Can sound mechanical if not well-rehearsed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>While memorization can enhance delivery, it requires significant time and effort. For most classroom presentations, memorized speaking is not required and may even be discouraged unless specified by your instructor.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>4. Extemporaneous Speaking<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"149-479\">Extemporaneous speaking<\/button><\/strong> is the delivery of a well-prepared and rehearsed speech using brief notes or an outline. This method strikes a balance between preparation and spontaneity, allowing the speaker to engage with the audience while maintaining structure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Encourages eye contact and audience connection<\/li>\n<li>Allows flexibility and adaptation during delivery<\/li>\n<li>Enhances credibility and engagement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Extemporaneous speaking is especially valuable in academic settings, where instructors often assess your ability to maintain eye contact, speak confidently, and demonstrate mastery of your topic. You may be required to prepare both a <strong>preparation outline<\/strong> and a <strong>speaking outline<\/strong>, which are discussed in detail in Chapter 6.<\/p>\n<p>Because this method requires familiarity with your content\u2014not memorization\u2014it\u2019s essential to practice multiple times before presenting. The more you rehearse, the more natural and confident your delivery will become.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"ugc chapter-ugc\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Choosing the Right Method<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #ffffff;\">Each method of delivery serves a purpose depending on the context, audience, and goals of the speech. For your public speaking course, extemporaneous delivery will likely be the standard. It offers the best combination of preparation, flexibility, and audience engagement\u2014skills that will serve you well in academic, professional, and civic settings.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key\">\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<h3>Licenses and Attribution<\/h3>\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Original<\/h4>\n<p><em>Speech Communication<\/em> was created by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres. Independently created original and AI-assisted content developed specifically for this book is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n<p>This educational material includes content generated or revised with the assistance of large language models. Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres reviewed, edited, and take responsibility for the final published content.<\/p>\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Previously Shared<\/h4>\n<h5>Methods of Speech Delivery<\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/louis.pressbooks.pub\/publicspeaking\/chapter\/methods-of-speech-delivery\/\">\u201c9.2 Methods of Speech Delivery\u201d<\/a> by Douglas Marshall, James Yeargain, June Pulliam, Sara Kim, and Victoria VanNest, published in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/louis.pressbooks.pub\/publicspeaking\/\">It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/a><\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network, was adapted for this section.<\/p>\n<p>The source material is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. The material was revised, reorganized, expanded, updated, and supplemented with original and AI-assisted content for this edition.<\/p>\n<p>Adapted portions derived from this source, including revisions to those portions, are licensed under the <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. Independently created portions developed specifically for <em>Speech Communication<\/em> are licensed under the book\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n<h4>Other Licensed Content Included<\/h4>\n<h5>Group Watching a Speaker<\/h5>\n<p>Photograph by Matheus Bertelli, available through Pexels.<\/p>\n<p>Terms of use: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pexels.com\/license\/\">Pexels License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Changes: The photograph was resized, and its alternative text and caption were revised for this edition.<\/p>\n<h4>Other Content Included<\/h4>\n<h5>The Art of Public Speaking<\/h5>\n<p>Lucas, S. E. (2023). <em>The art of public speaking<\/em> (13th ed.). McGraw Hill.<\/p>\n<p>This source informed the discussion of impromptu, manuscript, memorized, and extemporaneous delivery. The publication remains subject to the rights of its author and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5>A Speaker\u2019s Guidebook<\/h5>\n<p>O\u2019Hair, D., Stewart, R., &amp; Rubenstein, H. (2022). <em>A speaker\u2019s guidebook<\/em> (8th ed.). Bedford\/St. Martin\u2019s.<\/p>\n<p>This source informed the discussion of delivery methods, preparation, rehearsal, use of notes, and audience engagement. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h5>Stand Up, Speak Out<\/h5>\n<p>OpenStax. (2020). <em><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/details\/books\/stand-up-speak-out\">Stand up, speak out: The practice and ethics of public speaking<\/a><\/em>. Rice University.<\/p>\n<p>This resource informed the discussion of speech-delivery methods and extemporaneous speaking. It remains subject to the license and attribution information provided by OpenStax.<\/p>\n<h5>The Challenge of Effective Speaking<\/h5>\n<p>Verderber, R. F., Verderber, K. S., &amp; Sellnow, D. D. (2023). <em>The challenge of effective speaking<\/em> (18th ed.). Cengage Learning.<\/p>\n<p>This source informed the discussion of speech delivery, preparation, professionalism, flexibility, and audience connection. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h4>Third-Party References and Links<\/h4>\n<p>Books, photographs, products, trademarks, technologies, examples, linked webpages, and other third-party materials referenced in this section remain the property of their respective authors, photographers, publishers, organizations, and rights holders.<\/p>\n<p>The inclusion of these names, examples, citations, and links does not imply endorsement and does not place the underlying third-party materials under the Creative Commons licenses applied to <em>Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Unless a separate license or public-domain status is specifically identified, third-party content may not be copied, redistributed, or adapted independently of the permissions provided by its copyright holder or applicable law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"149-479\" hidden><p>the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"149-481\" hidden><p>the presentation of a short message without advance preparation<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"149-485\" hidden><p>the word-for-word iteration of a written message<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"149-487\" hidden><p>the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["liapicco","mtorres54"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[61,62],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-149","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-liapicco","contributor-mtorres54","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":143,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/149","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2082,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/149\/revisions\/2082"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/143"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/149\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=149"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=149"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}