{"id":158,"date":"2022-02-22T13:53:46","date_gmt":"2022-02-22T13:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/chapter\/practicing-your-delivery\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T18:49:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T18:49:44","slug":"practicing-your-delivery","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/chapter\/practicing-your-delivery\/","title":{"raw":"9.4 Practicing Your Delivery","rendered":"9.4 Practicing Your Delivery"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

10.4 Practicing Your Delivery<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]\"The Image from It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.[\/caption]\r\n

Preparing for Successful Speech Delivery<\/h3>\r\nThere is no single formula for excellent delivery. Every speaker brings a unique personality, background, and style to the lectern. Even with a well-researched and compelling message, it is normal to feel nervous. The good news is that practical strategies can reduce anxiety and prepare you for success.\r\n\r\nThink about how college football teams prepare for game day. During practice, coaches may play loud crowd noise through stadium speakers to simulate the conditions of an actual game. The goal is to make practice feel as close to the real experience as possible. You should approach your speech preparation the same way: practice as realistically as you can<\/strong>.\r\n

Practice Out Loud<\/h4>\r\nReading your speech silently or whispering it under your breath is not enough. You will be speaking at a normal volume in front of your class, so you should rehearse that way.\r\n\r\nPracticing out loud helps you identify awkward phrasing, mispronunciations, and overly long sentences. Language that looks appropriate on paper may sound unnatural when spoken. Hearing yourself speak allows you to revise and improve your delivery before the actual presentation.\r\n

Practice Standing Up<\/h4>\r\nYou will not be lying on a couch or sitting at a desk when you give your speech, so do not practice that way. Stand with your feet approximately shoulder-width apart and keep your knees relaxed rather than locked. This posture can help you feel grounded and confident.\r\n\r\nPracticing while standing also builds familiarity with the physical experience of delivering a speech. When possible, wear the same shoes you plan to wear during your presentation so you can become comfortable with how you will stand and move.\r\n

Practice with a Lectern or Similar Surface<\/h4>\r\nMost students do not have a lectern at home, but it is helpful to simulate the experience of using one. Holding your notes throughout every rehearsal may cause you to depend on that habit during the actual speech.\r\n\r\nInstead, use a kitchen counter, dresser, ironing board, or another suitable surface. The goal is to become comfortable placing your notes on a surface while standing and speaking, as you may be expected to do in class.\r\n\r\nWhen possible, practice in the classroom with the actual lectern. When that is not possible, look for another room with a similar arrangement. You should also prepare for the possibility that no lectern will be available. A flexible speaker can adapt and deliver confidently with or without one.\r\n

Practice with an Audience<\/h4>\r\nOn speech day, you will be speaking in front of classmates and an instructor. To prepare, practice in front of real people rather than pets or stuffed animals. Ask a friend, roommate, or family member to listen and provide feedback about your clarity, pacing, organization, and any confusing sections.\r\n\r\nEven when only one person is watching, avoid looking exclusively at that individual. Practice looking around the room as you speak. Direct your attention toward different areas, including both sides of the room and the front and back.\r\n\r\nTry to maintain eye contact with individuals for several seconds at a time. The goal is to communicate with individual audience members rather than stare generally at the room. During rehearsal, you may also use objects placed around the room to represent audience members and practice shifting your gaze naturally.\r\n

Practice for Time<\/h4>\r\nMost speeches have a time limit, and speaking substantially over or under that limit may affect your evaluation. When an assignment requires a five- to seven-minute speech, aim for approximately six minutes. This provides some flexibility if nervousness causes you to speak faster or if you need additional time to clarify an idea.\r\n\r\nDo not time yourself only once. Practice the speech at least three times and record the duration of each rehearsal. When your times are consistent, such as 5:50, 6:02, and 5:58, your speech is probably appropriately developed. When the times vary widely, you may need to revise your content or delivery.\r\n\r\nThis preparation is also important outside the classroom. One of the authors of this textbook once delivered a major presentation to an accreditation board and practiced it 15 times. Repeated rehearsal helped ensure that the timing was appropriate, the transitions were smooth, and the presentation slides aligned with the spoken content. Each rehearsal improved both the presentation and the speaker\u2019s confidence.\r\n

Practice by Recording Yourself<\/h4>\r\nOne effective way to improve your speech delivery is to record yourself<\/strong> and review the recording. Seeing yourself on video can reveal habits or distractions you may not notice while speaking.\r\n\r\nYou may observe low energy, limited vocal variety, pacing, swaying, fidgeting with clothing or jewelry, or repeatedly touching your hair. These behaviors may distract the audience or affect how listeners perceive your confidence and preparation.\r\n\r\nStudents often do not recognize these habits until they see themselves on screen. Because people are often their own strongest critics, reviewing a recording can make areas for improvement easier to identify.\r\n\r\nYour instructor may record your classroom speech and ask you to evaluate it afterward. However, recording yourself before speech day is even more useful because it gives you time to adjust your gestures, movement, vocal delivery, and use of notes.\r\n

The Golden Rule of Preparation<\/h4>\r\nPractice your speech beforehand in the same way you expect to deliver it in class.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThis means practicing out loud, standing up, using your notes appropriately, simulating eye contact, and recording yourself when possible. The more realistic your practice conditions are, the more prepared and confident you are likely to feel when speaking before an audience.\r\n

Building Confidence Over Time<\/h4>\r\nThe more often you practice public speaking, whether in front of a mirror, a camera, or a live audience, the more natural the process becomes. Each rehearsal helps you improve fluency, reduce anxiety, and strengthen your delivery.\r\n\r\nOver time, public speaking may feel less intimidating and more like a skill you have developed through consistent practice.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"599\"]\"A Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"601\"]\"A Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"602\"]\"A Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Licenses and Attribution<\/h3>\r\n

CC Licensed Content, Original<\/h4>\r\nSpeech Communication<\/em> was created by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres. Independently created original and AI-assisted content developed specifically for this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n\r\nThis educational material includes content generated or revised with the assistance of large language models. Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres reviewed, edited, and take responsibility for the final published content.\r\n

CC Licensed Content, Previously Shared<\/h4>\r\n

Practicing Your Delivery<\/h5>\r\n\u201cPracticing Your Delivery\u201d<\/a> by Douglas Marshall, James Yeargain, June Pulliam, Sara Kim, and Victoria VanNest, published in It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/a><\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network, was adapted for this section.\r\n\r\nThe source material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. The material was revised, reorganized, expanded, updated, and supplemented with original and AI-assisted content for this edition.\r\n\r\nAdapted portions derived from this source, including revisions to those portions, are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. Independently created portions developed specifically for Speech Communication<\/em> are licensed under the book\u2019s Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n

CC Licensed Image, Previously Shared<\/h4>\r\n

Practice Written on a Chalkboard<\/h5>\r\nImage from \u201cPracticing Your Delivery\u201d<\/a> in It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network.\r\n\r\nLicense: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>.\r\n\r\nChanges: The image was resized, and its alternative text and caption were revised for this edition. The source chapter does not identify a separate creator or image-specific license.\r\n

CC Licensed Images, Original<\/h4>\r\n

Student Standing at a Lectern<\/h5>\r\nImage created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres.\r\n\r\nLicense: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.\r\n
Student\u2019s Hand Placement on a Lectern<\/h5>\r\nImage created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres.\r\n\r\nLicense: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.\r\n
Student\u2019s Stance at a Lectern<\/h5>\r\nImage created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres.\r\n\r\nLicense: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.\r\n

Other Content Included<\/h4>\r\n

The Art of Public Speaking<\/h5>\r\nLucas, S. E. (2023). The art of public speaking<\/em> (13th ed.). McGraw Hill.\r\n\r\nThis source informed the discussion of rehearsal, timing, vocal delivery, eye contact, physical presentation, and reducing speech anxiety through preparation. The publication remains subject to the rights of its author and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n
A Speaker\u2019s Guidebook<\/h5>\r\nO\u2019Hair, D., Stewart, R., & Rubenstein, H. (2022). A speaker\u2019s guidebook<\/em> (8th ed.). Bedford\/St. Martin\u2019s.\r\n\r\nThis source informed the discussion of practicing aloud, rehearsing under realistic conditions, using notes and lecterns, recording practice sessions, and preparing for timed presentations. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n
Stand Up, Speak Out<\/h5>\r\nOpenStax. (2020). Stand up, speak out: The practice and ethics of public speaking<\/a><\/em>. Rice University.\r\n\r\nThis resource informed the discussion of speech rehearsal, delivery practice, timing, audience feedback, recording, and building confidence. It remains subject to the license and attribution information provided by OpenStax.\r\n
The Challenge of Effective Speaking<\/h5>\r\nVerderber, R. F., Verderber, K. S., & Sellnow, D. D. (2023). The challenge of effective speaking<\/em> (18th ed.). Cengage Learning.\r\n\r\nThis source informed the discussion of realistic rehearsal, physical delivery, timing, eye contact, audience awareness, and confidence development. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n

Third-Party References and Links<\/h4>\r\nBooks, images, examples, equipment, technologies, linked webpages, and other third-party materials referenced in this section remain the property of their respective authors, creators, publishers, organizations, and rights holders.\r\n\r\nThe inclusion of these materials as citations, examples, links, or instructional resources does not imply endorsement and does not place the underlying third-party content under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.\r\n\r\nUnless a separate license or public-domain status is specifically identified, third-party content may not be copied, redistributed, or adapted independently of the permissions provided by its copyright holder or applicable law.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
\n

10.4 Practicing Your Delivery<\/h2>\n
\"The
Image from It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network, licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Preparing for Successful Speech Delivery<\/h3>\n

There is no single formula for excellent delivery. Every speaker brings a unique personality, background, and style to the lectern. Even with a well-researched and compelling message, it is normal to feel nervous. The good news is that practical strategies can reduce anxiety and prepare you for success.<\/p>\n

Think about how college football teams prepare for game day. During practice, coaches may play loud crowd noise through stadium speakers to simulate the conditions of an actual game. The goal is to make practice feel as close to the real experience as possible. You should approach your speech preparation the same way: practice as realistically as you can<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Practice Out Loud<\/h4>\n

Reading your speech silently or whispering it under your breath is not enough. You will be speaking at a normal volume in front of your class, so you should rehearse that way.<\/p>\n

Practicing out loud helps you identify awkward phrasing, mispronunciations, and overly long sentences. Language that looks appropriate on paper may sound unnatural when spoken. Hearing yourself speak allows you to revise and improve your delivery before the actual presentation.<\/p>\n

Practice Standing Up<\/h4>\n

You will not be lying on a couch or sitting at a desk when you give your speech, so do not practice that way. Stand with your feet approximately shoulder-width apart and keep your knees relaxed rather than locked. This posture can help you feel grounded and confident.<\/p>\n

Practicing while standing also builds familiarity with the physical experience of delivering a speech. When possible, wear the same shoes you plan to wear during your presentation so you can become comfortable with how you will stand and move.<\/p>\n

Practice with a Lectern or Similar Surface<\/h4>\n

Most students do not have a lectern at home, but it is helpful to simulate the experience of using one. Holding your notes throughout every rehearsal may cause you to depend on that habit during the actual speech.<\/p>\n

Instead, use a kitchen counter, dresser, ironing board, or another suitable surface. The goal is to become comfortable placing your notes on a surface while standing and speaking, as you may be expected to do in class.<\/p>\n

When possible, practice in the classroom with the actual lectern. When that is not possible, look for another room with a similar arrangement. You should also prepare for the possibility that no lectern will be available. A flexible speaker can adapt and deliver confidently with or without one.<\/p>\n

Practice with an Audience<\/h4>\n

On speech day, you will be speaking in front of classmates and an instructor. To prepare, practice in front of real people rather than pets or stuffed animals. Ask a friend, roommate, or family member to listen and provide feedback about your clarity, pacing, organization, and any confusing sections.<\/p>\n

Even when only one person is watching, avoid looking exclusively at that individual. Practice looking around the room as you speak. Direct your attention toward different areas, including both sides of the room and the front and back.<\/p>\n

Try to maintain eye contact with individuals for several seconds at a time. The goal is to communicate with individual audience members rather than stare generally at the room. During rehearsal, you may also use objects placed around the room to represent audience members and practice shifting your gaze naturally.<\/p>\n

Practice for Time<\/h4>\n

Most speeches have a time limit, and speaking substantially over or under that limit may affect your evaluation. When an assignment requires a five- to seven-minute speech, aim for approximately six minutes. This provides some flexibility if nervousness causes you to speak faster or if you need additional time to clarify an idea.<\/p>\n

Do not time yourself only once. Practice the speech at least three times and record the duration of each rehearsal. When your times are consistent, such as 5:50, 6:02, and 5:58, your speech is probably appropriately developed. When the times vary widely, you may need to revise your content or delivery.<\/p>\n

This preparation is also important outside the classroom. One of the authors of this textbook once delivered a major presentation to an accreditation board and practiced it 15 times. Repeated rehearsal helped ensure that the timing was appropriate, the transitions were smooth, and the presentation slides aligned with the spoken content. Each rehearsal improved both the presentation and the speaker\u2019s confidence.<\/p>\n

Practice by Recording Yourself<\/h4>\n

One effective way to improve your speech delivery is to record yourself<\/strong> and review the recording. Seeing yourself on video can reveal habits or distractions you may not notice while speaking.<\/p>\n

You may observe low energy, limited vocal variety, pacing, swaying, fidgeting with clothing or jewelry, or repeatedly touching your hair. These behaviors may distract the audience or affect how listeners perceive your confidence and preparation.<\/p>\n

Students often do not recognize these habits until they see themselves on screen. Because people are often their own strongest critics, reviewing a recording can make areas for improvement easier to identify.<\/p>\n

Your instructor may record your classroom speech and ask you to evaluate it afterward. However, recording yourself before speech day is even more useful because it gives you time to adjust your gestures, movement, vocal delivery, and use of notes.<\/p>\n

The Golden Rule of Preparation<\/h4>\n

Practice your speech beforehand in the same way you expect to deliver it in class.<\/strong><\/p>\n

This means practicing out loud, standing up, using your notes appropriately, simulating eye contact, and recording yourself when possible. The more realistic your practice conditions are, the more prepared and confident you are likely to feel when speaking before an audience.<\/p>\n

Building Confidence Over Time<\/h4>\n

The more often you practice public speaking, whether in front of a mirror, a camera, or a live audience, the more natural the process becomes. Each rehearsal helps you improve fluency, reduce anxiety, and strengthen your delivery.<\/p>\n

Over time, public speaking may feel less intimidating and more like a skill you have developed through consistent practice.<\/p>\n

\"A
Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"A
Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"A
Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres, licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n
\n

Licenses and Attribution<\/h3>\n

CC Licensed Content, Original<\/h4>\n

Speech Communication<\/em> was created by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres. Independently created original and AI-assisted content developed specifically for this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n

This educational material includes content generated or revised with the assistance of large language models. Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres reviewed, edited, and take responsibility for the final published content.<\/p>\n

CC Licensed Content, Previously Shared<\/h4>\n
Practicing Your Delivery<\/h5>\n

\u201cPracticing Your Delivery\u201d<\/a> by Douglas Marshall, James Yeargain, June Pulliam, Sara Kim, and Victoria VanNest, published in It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/a><\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network, was adapted for this section.<\/p>\n

The source material is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. The material was revised, reorganized, expanded, updated, and supplemented with original and AI-assisted content for this edition.<\/p>\n

Adapted portions derived from this source, including revisions to those portions, are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>. Independently created portions developed specifically for Speech Communication<\/em> are licensed under the book\u2019s Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n

CC Licensed Image, Previously Shared<\/h4>\n
Practice Written on a Chalkboard<\/h5>\n

Image from \u201cPracticing Your Delivery\u201d<\/a> in It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/em> by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network.<\/p>\n

License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Changes: The image was resized, and its alternative text and caption were revised for this edition. The source chapter does not identify a separate creator or image-specific license.<\/p>\n

CC Licensed Images, Original<\/h4>\n
Student Standing at a Lectern<\/h5>\n

Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres.<\/p>\n

License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Student\u2019s Hand Placement on a Lectern<\/h5>\n

Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres.<\/p>\n

License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Student\u2019s Stance at a Lectern<\/h5>\n

Image created for Speech Communication<\/em> by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres.<\/p>\n

License: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Other Content Included<\/h4>\n
The Art of Public Speaking<\/h5>\n

Lucas, S. E. (2023). The art of public speaking<\/em> (13th ed.). McGraw Hill.<\/p>\n

This source informed the discussion of rehearsal, timing, vocal delivery, eye contact, physical presentation, and reducing speech anxiety through preparation. The publication remains subject to the rights of its author and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n

A Speaker\u2019s Guidebook<\/h5>\n

O\u2019Hair, D., Stewart, R., & Rubenstein, H. (2022). A speaker\u2019s guidebook<\/em> (8th ed.). Bedford\/St. Martin\u2019s.<\/p>\n

This source informed the discussion of practicing aloud, rehearsing under realistic conditions, using notes and lecterns, recording practice sessions, and preparing for timed presentations. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Stand Up, Speak Out<\/h5>\n

OpenStax. (2020). Stand up, speak out: The practice and ethics of public speaking<\/a><\/em>. Rice University.<\/p>\n

This resource informed the discussion of speech rehearsal, delivery practice, timing, audience feedback, recording, and building confidence. It remains subject to the license and attribution information provided by OpenStax.<\/p>\n

The Challenge of Effective Speaking<\/h5>\n

Verderber, R. F., Verderber, K. S., & Sellnow, D. D. (2023). The challenge of effective speaking<\/em> (18th ed.). Cengage Learning.<\/p>\n

This source informed the discussion of realistic rehearsal, physical delivery, timing, eye contact, audience awareness, and confidence development. The publication remains subject to the rights of its authors and publisher and is not included under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Third-Party References and Links<\/h4>\n

Books, images, examples, equipment, technologies, linked webpages, and other third-party materials referenced in this section remain the property of their respective authors, creators, publishers, organizations, and rights holders.<\/p>\n

The inclusion of these materials as citations, examples, links, or instructional resources does not imply endorsement and does not place the underlying third-party content under the Creative Commons licenses applied to Speech Communication<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Unless a separate license or public-domain status is specifically identified, third-party content may not be copied, redistributed, or adapted independently of the permissions provided by its copyright holder or applicable law.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["liapicco","mtorres54"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[61,62],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-158","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-liapicco","contributor-mtorres54","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":143,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1922,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/158\/revisions\/1922"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/143"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/158\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=158"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=158"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}