{"id":243,"date":"2022-04-01T13:27:25","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T13:27:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/chapter\/constructing-a-persuasive-speech\/"},"modified":"2026-07-22T16:10:12","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T16:10:12","slug":"constructing-a-persuasive-speech","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/chapter\/constructing-a-persuasive-speech\/","title":{"raw":"13.5 Constructing a Persuasive Speech","rendered":"13.5 Constructing a Persuasive Speech"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"slug-13-5-constructing-a-persuasive-speech\" class=\"chapter standard\">\r\n<h2 class=\"chapter-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">13.5 Constructing a Persuasive Speech<\/h2>\r\nIn many ways, creating a persuasive speech brings together everything you have already learned about public speaking. You will still analyze your audience, develop a purpose and central idea, use evidence, and practice delivery. However, persuasive speaking requires you to apply these steps with a stronger focus on influencing your audience and encouraging some form of change.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Formulating a Proposition<\/h3>\r\nIn persuasive speaking, your central idea is usually called a <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"686\"]proposition[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> or claim. Choosing the correct type of proposition is essential because it shapes how you organize and present your speech. Your choice should reflect your topic, your audience, and your assignment.\r\n\r\nThere are four main types of propositions.\r\n<h4>1. Proposition of Fact<\/h4>\r\nA <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1988\"]proposition of fact[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> focuses on whether something is true or false based on evidence. It does not address whether something is good or bad or what action should be taken.\r\n\r\nExamples include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Converting to solar energy can save homeowners money.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Climate change has been caused by human activity.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Watching violence on television causes violent behavior in children.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese claims are debated and require evidence to support them. A speech with this type of proposition aims to demonstrate that the statement is accurate.\r\n<h5>Organization Example<\/h5>\r\n<strong>Proposition:<\/strong> Converting to solar energy can save homeowners money.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Government incentives make installation more affordable.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Solar energy reduces long-term energy costs.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Solar systems require less maintenance.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nA persuasive speech of fact should also include a section that <strong>addresses reservations<\/strong>\u2014audience doubts or counterarguments\u2014and provides evidence to respond to them.\r\n<h4>2. Proposition of Definition<\/h4>\r\nA <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1989\"]proposition of definition[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> argues that a concept or term should be understood in a particular way.\r\n\r\nExamples include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Alcoholism should be considered a disease.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The Second Amendment does not include certain types of weapons.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A specific action does not meet the legal definition of a crime.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThese propositions focus on clarifying meaning rather than changing behavior. While you may not often use this type in class, it is common in legal and academic contexts.\r\n<h4>3. Proposition of Value<\/h4>\r\nA <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1990\"]proposition of value[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> makes a judgment about something being good or bad, right or wrong, or better or worse.\r\n\r\nExamples include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hybrid cars are the best form of automobile transportation available today.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Capital punishment is morally wrong.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>A vegan diet is the healthiest lifestyle.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nWith this type of proposition, you must first <strong>define the key value term<\/strong>, such as \u201cbest\u201d or \u201cethical.\u201d Different audiences may interpret these words differently, so clear definitions are essential.\r\n<h5>Organization Example<\/h5>\r\n<strong>Proposition:<\/strong> Hybrid cars are the best form of automotive transportation available today.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Definition of \u201cbest\u201d: reliable, cost-efficient, and environmentally responsible.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hybrid cars are reliable.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hybrid cars are fuel-efficient.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hybrid cars are environmentally responsible.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Addressing reservations, counterarguments, and misconceptions.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h4>4. Proposition of Policy<\/h4>\r\nA <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1991\"]proposition of policy[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> calls for a specific change in behavior or policy. These propositions often include the word \u201cshould.\u201d\r\n\r\nExamples include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The government should ensure clean water standards.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Drivers over 75 should complete regular health checks.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Individuals should monitor their blood pressure.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nPolicy speeches may aim for agreement, sometimes called \u201cthink\u201d speeches, or immediate action, sometimes called \u201cdo\u201d speeches or speeches to actuate.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Organization for Propositions of Policy<\/h3>\r\nA common structure is <strong>problem\u2013solution<\/strong> or <strong>problem\u2013cause\u2013solution<\/strong>, which shows that a problem exists and explains how to fix it.\r\n\r\nFor speeches designed to motivate action, a more detailed structure is often used.\r\n<h4>[pb_glossary id=\"680\"]Monroe\u2019s Motivated Sequence[\/pb_glossary]<\/h4>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Attention<\/strong>Introduce the topic, establish credibility, and present your main idea.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Attention-getter: Connect the audience to you.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Orientation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Credibility.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Preview or thesis statement.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Need<\/strong>Show that a real problem exists and explain why it matters.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Problem statement.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Examples and evidence.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explanation of effects.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Connection to the audience.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Criteria for a solution.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Satisfaction<\/strong>Present and explain your solution.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Solution statement.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explanation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Evidence that it works.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Addressing objections.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Visualization<\/strong>Help the audience imagine the future.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Positive outcomes if the solution is used.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Negative consequences if it is not.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Action<\/strong>Tell the audience exactly what to do.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Summary.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to implement the solution.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Clear call to action.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Strong closing statement.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Comparative Advantages<\/h3>\r\nFor some topics, especially when the problem is already understood, you can use a <strong>comparative advantages<\/strong> approach.\r\n\r\n<strong>Proposition:<\/strong> One option is better than another.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>This option is better because...<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This option is better because...<\/li>\r\n \t<li>This option is better because...<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThis structure is often used in advertising and product comparisons.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Strengthening Your Arguments<\/h3>\r\nOnce your structure is complete, focus on building strong support:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use <strong>credible sources<\/strong> that your audience will trust.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Present <strong>new or surprising information<\/strong> (Reinard, 1988; McCroskey, 1969).<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ensure your evidence is <strong>relevant, accurate, and up to date<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Avoid taking information out of context.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFor example, citing data from the <strong>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/strong> is generally more effective than using less reliable sources.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Enhancing Your Delivery and Style<\/h3>\r\nTo make your speech more engaging:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use narratives, examples, and quotations.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Incorporate clear and vivid language.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use presentation aids thoughtfully and keep them simple and focused.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nVisuals can be powerful, but too many can distract from your message.\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Delivery and Credibility<\/h3>\r\nEffective delivery strengthens your credibility, or <strong>ethos<\/strong>. Research shows that delivery affects how audiences perceive speakers (Burgoon, Birk, &amp; Pfau, 1990).\r\n\r\nTo improve delivery:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Maintain eye contact.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use vocal variety.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Show energy and confidence.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Integrate visuals smoothly.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Final Thought<\/h3>\r\nA persuasive speech allows you to advocate for ideas that matter to you and your audience. By choosing a clear proposition, organizing your ideas effectively, and supporting your arguments with evidence, you can create a strong and meaningful message.\r\n\r\nAs you finalize your speech, focus on balancing <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"507\"]ethos[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, or credibility; <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"676\"]logos[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, or logic and evidence; and <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"682\"]pathos[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, or emotional appeal, to connect with your audience and increase your impact.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<h3>Licenses and Attribution<\/h3>\r\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Original<\/h4>\r\n<em>Speech Communication<\/em> was created by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres. Independently created original and AI-assisted content developed specifically for this book is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n\r\nThis educational material includes content generated or revised with the assistance of large language models. Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres reviewed, edited, and take responsibility for the final published content.\r\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Previously Shared<\/h4>\r\nThis section is adapted in part from <em><a href=\"https:\/\/louis.pressbooks.pub\/publicspeaking\/\">It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/a><\/em> by Douglas Marshall, James Yeargain, June Pulliam, Sara Kim, and Victoria VanNest, published by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network and licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>.\r\n\r\nThe adapted material was revised and reorganized for this edition. Adapted portions remain licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.\r\n<h4>Other Content Included<\/h4>\r\nResearch by James C. McCroskey, John C. Reinard, Judee K. Burgoon, Thomas Birk, and Michael Pfau informed portions of the discussion of evidence, delivery, and credibility.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"slug-13-5-constructing-a-persuasive-speech\" class=\"chapter standard\">\n<h2 class=\"chapter-title\" style=\"text-align: center;\">13.5 Constructing a Persuasive Speech<\/h2>\n<p>In many ways, creating a persuasive speech brings together everything you have already learned about public speaking. You will still analyze your audience, develop a purpose and central idea, use evidence, and practice delivery. However, persuasive speaking requires you to apply these steps with a stronger focus on influencing your audience and encouraging some form of change.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Formulating a Proposition<\/h3>\n<p>In persuasive speaking, your central idea is usually called a <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-686\">proposition<\/button><\/strong> or claim. Choosing the correct type of proposition is essential because it shapes how you organize and present your speech. Your choice should reflect your topic, your audience, and your assignment.<\/p>\n<p>There are four main types of propositions.<\/p>\n<h4>1. Proposition of Fact<\/h4>\n<p>A <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-1988\">proposition of fact<\/button><\/strong> focuses on whether something is true or false based on evidence. It does not address whether something is good or bad or what action should be taken.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Converting to solar energy can save homeowners money.<\/li>\n<li>Climate change has been caused by human activity.<\/li>\n<li>Watching violence on television causes violent behavior in children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These claims are debated and require evidence to support them. A speech with this type of proposition aims to demonstrate that the statement is accurate.<\/p>\n<h5>Organization Example<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Proposition:<\/strong> Converting to solar energy can save homeowners money.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Government incentives make installation more affordable.<\/li>\n<li>Solar energy reduces long-term energy costs.<\/li>\n<li>Solar systems require less maintenance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A persuasive speech of fact should also include a section that <strong>addresses reservations<\/strong>\u2014audience doubts or counterarguments\u2014and provides evidence to respond to them.<\/p>\n<h4>2. Proposition of Definition<\/h4>\n<p>A <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-1989\">proposition of definition<\/button><\/strong> argues that a concept or term should be understood in a particular way.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alcoholism should be considered a disease.<\/li>\n<li>The Second Amendment does not include certain types of weapons.<\/li>\n<li>A specific action does not meet the legal definition of a crime.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These propositions focus on clarifying meaning rather than changing behavior. While you may not often use this type in class, it is common in legal and academic contexts.<\/p>\n<h4>3. Proposition of Value<\/h4>\n<p>A <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-1990\">proposition of value<\/button><\/strong> makes a judgment about something being good or bad, right or wrong, or better or worse.<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hybrid cars are the best form of automobile transportation available today.<\/li>\n<li>Capital punishment is morally wrong.<\/li>\n<li>A vegan diet is the healthiest lifestyle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With this type of proposition, you must first <strong>define the key value term<\/strong>, such as \u201cbest\u201d or \u201cethical.\u201d Different audiences may interpret these words differently, so clear definitions are essential.<\/p>\n<h5>Organization Example<\/h5>\n<p><strong>Proposition:<\/strong> Hybrid cars are the best form of automotive transportation available today.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Definition of \u201cbest\u201d: reliable, cost-efficient, and environmentally responsible.<\/li>\n<li>Hybrid cars are reliable.<\/li>\n<li>Hybrid cars are fuel-efficient.<\/li>\n<li>Hybrid cars are environmentally responsible.<\/li>\n<li>Addressing reservations, counterarguments, and misconceptions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. Proposition of Policy<\/h4>\n<p>A <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-1991\">proposition of policy<\/button><\/strong> calls for a specific change in behavior or policy. These propositions often include the word \u201cshould.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The government should ensure clean water standards.<\/li>\n<li>Drivers over 75 should complete regular health checks.<\/li>\n<li>Individuals should monitor their blood pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Policy speeches may aim for agreement, sometimes called \u201cthink\u201d speeches, or immediate action, sometimes called \u201cdo\u201d speeches or speeches to actuate.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Organization for Propositions of Policy<\/h3>\n<p>A common structure is <strong>problem\u2013solution<\/strong> or <strong>problem\u2013cause\u2013solution<\/strong>, which shows that a problem exists and explains how to fix it.<\/p>\n<p>For speeches designed to motivate action, a more detailed structure is often used.<\/p>\n<h4><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-680\">Monroe\u2019s Motivated Sequence<\/button><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Attention<\/strong>Introduce the topic, establish credibility, and present your main idea.\n<ul>\n<li>Attention-getter: Connect the audience to you.<\/li>\n<li>Orientation.<\/li>\n<li>Credibility.<\/li>\n<li>Preview or thesis statement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Need<\/strong>Show that a real problem exists and explain why it matters.\n<ul>\n<li>Problem statement.<\/li>\n<li>Examples and evidence.<\/li>\n<li>Explanation of effects.<\/li>\n<li>Connection to the audience.<\/li>\n<li>Criteria for a solution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Satisfaction<\/strong>Present and explain your solution.\n<ul>\n<li>Solution statement.<\/li>\n<li>Explanation.<\/li>\n<li>Evidence that it works.<\/li>\n<li>Addressing objections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Visualization<\/strong>Help the audience imagine the future.\n<ul>\n<li>Positive outcomes if the solution is used.<\/li>\n<li>Negative consequences if it is not.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Action<\/strong>Tell the audience exactly what to do.\n<ul>\n<li>Summary.<\/li>\n<li>How to implement the solution.<\/li>\n<li>Clear call to action.<\/li>\n<li>Strong closing statement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Comparative Advantages<\/h3>\n<p>For some topics, especially when the problem is already understood, you can use a <strong>comparative advantages<\/strong> approach.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Proposition:<\/strong> One option is better than another.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This option is better because&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>This option is better because&#8230;<\/li>\n<li>This option is better because&#8230;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This structure is often used in advertising and product comparisons.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Strengthening Your Arguments<\/h3>\n<p>Once your structure is complete, focus on building strong support:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use <strong>credible sources<\/strong> that your audience will trust.<\/li>\n<li>Present <strong>new or surprising information<\/strong> (Reinard, 1988; McCroskey, 1969).<\/li>\n<li>Ensure your evidence is <strong>relevant, accurate, and up to date<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Avoid taking information out of context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, citing data from the <strong>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/strong> is generally more effective than using less reliable sources.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Enhancing Your Delivery and Style<\/h3>\n<p>To make your speech more engaging:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use narratives, examples, and quotations.<\/li>\n<li>Incorporate clear and vivid language.<\/li>\n<li>Use presentation aids thoughtfully and keep them simple and focused.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Visuals can be powerful, but too many can distract from your message.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Delivery and Credibility<\/h3>\n<p>Effective delivery strengthens your credibility, or <strong>ethos<\/strong>. Research shows that delivery affects how audiences perceive speakers (Burgoon, Birk, &amp; Pfau, 1990).<\/p>\n<p>To improve delivery:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Maintain eye contact.<\/li>\n<li>Use vocal variety.<\/li>\n<li>Show energy and confidence.<\/li>\n<li>Integrate visuals smoothly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Final Thought<\/h3>\n<p>A persuasive speech allows you to advocate for ideas that matter to you and your audience. By choosing a clear proposition, organizing your ideas effectively, and supporting your arguments with evidence, you can create a strong and meaningful message.<\/p>\n<p>As you finalize your speech, focus on balancing <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-507\">ethos<\/button><\/strong>, or credibility; <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-676\">logos<\/button><\/strong>, or logic and evidence; and <strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"243-682\">pathos<\/button><\/strong>, or emotional appeal, to connect with your audience and increase your impact.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key\">\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<h3>Licenses and Attribution<\/h3>\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Original<\/h4>\n<p><em>Speech Communication<\/em> was created by Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres. Independently created original and AI-assisted content developed specifically for this book is licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n<p>This educational material includes content generated or revised with the assistance of large language models. Lana Iapicco and Marie Torres reviewed, edited, and take responsibility for the final published content.<\/p>\n<h4>CC Licensed Content, Previously Shared<\/h4>\n<p>This section is adapted in part from <em><a href=\"https:\/\/louis.pressbooks.pub\/publicspeaking\/\">It\u2019s About Them: Public Speaking in the 21st Century<\/a><\/em> by Douglas Marshall, James Yeargain, June Pulliam, Sara Kim, and Victoria VanNest, published by LOUIS: The Louisiana Library Network and licensed under a <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The adapted material was revised and reorganized for this edition. Adapted portions remain licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.<\/p>\n<h4>Other Content Included<\/h4>\n<p>Research by James C. McCroskey, John C. Reinard, Judee K. Burgoon, Thomas Birk, and Michael Pfau informed portions of the discussion of evidence, delivery, and credibility.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-686\" hidden><p>central idea statement in a persuasive speech; a statement made advancing a judgment or opinion<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-1988\" hidden><p>A claim that asserts whether something is true or false and can be evaluated using evidence.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-1989\" hidden><p>A claim that argues how a term, concept, person, or issue should be defined or understood.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-1990\" hidden><p>A claim that judges whether something is good or bad, right or wrong, or better or worse.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-1991\" hidden><p>A claim that advocates a specific action or change in behavior, rules, or public policy, often using the word \u201cshould.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-680\" hidden><p>organizational pattern used for persuasive speeches involving five steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-507\" hidden><p>the term Aristotle used to refer to what we now call credibility: the perception that the speaker is honest, knowledgeable, and rightly motivated<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-676\" hidden><p>logical and organized arguments and the credible evidence to support the arguments within a speech; arguments based on logic<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"243-682\" hidden><p>the use of emotions such as anger, joy, hate, desire for community, and love to persuade the audience of the rightness of a proposition; arguments based on emotion<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["liapicco","mtorres54"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[61,62],"license":[57],"class_list":["post-243","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-liapicco","contributor-mtorres54","license-cc-by-nc-sa"],"part":231,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1992,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/243\/revisions\/1992"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/231"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/243\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=243"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=243"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.hcfl.edu\/speechcomm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}