9.3 Preparing for Your Delivery

Speaking in Different Contexts

Throughout your life, you may be asked to speak in many different situations. You might present a new policy at work, give a toast at a wedding, deliver a eulogy, or speak at a community event. Sometimes you’ll be in familiar surroundings; other times, you’ll be in an unfamiliar space with little time to adjust. You may need to use a microphone, manage visual aids, or deal with distractions. Being ready to adapt to these variables will help you feel more confident and reduce nervousness.

Using a Lectern

A lectern is a small stand with a slanted top where you can place your notes. It adds a sense of formality and can be helpful for organizing your materials. However, it’s important not to rely on it too much. New speakers often grip the lectern tightly or try to hide behind it, which can make them appear nervous.

Instead, use the lectern as a tool—not a shield. Step to the side or front when speaking to make better eye contact and use gestures freely. This helps you appear more confident and keeps your audience engaged.

Note: A lectern is often confused with a podium, which is actually a raised platform you stand on.

Adjusting to Room Size

If you’re used to speaking in a classroom, a large auditorium might feel overwhelming. But preparation makes all the difference. When speaking in a large space, your voice may echo, especially if the room isn’t full. Speak more slowly and clearly, and use pauses to help your audience follow your message. Make your gestures and facial expressions larger so they’re visible from a distance. If you’re using visual aids, make sure they’re big enough to be seen from the back of the room.

Smaller spaces are usually less intimidating, but they come with their own challenges. Because your audience is closer, they can see everything you do—including how you handle your notes and visual aids. Arrive early to set up and get comfortable with the space. If you have a choice, select a location that suits the size of your audience.

Speaking Outdoors

Outdoor venues can be beautiful, but they’re often unpredictable. Distractions like traffic noise, weather changes, and even insects can interfere with your speech. If you know you’ll be speaking outside, plan accordingly. You might focus more on setting a mood than delivering detailed information, and you can even reference the scenery to connect with your audience.

In outdoor settings, you may not have access to a lectern or microphone. If you do have a mic, use it. If not, project your voice clearly without shouting. Be prepared for sun glare, wind, or unexpected interruptions. The key is to stay flexible and maintain your composure.

Using a Microphone Effectively

Most of us are familiar with microphones built into phones, laptops, and recording devices. But using a microphone for a live speech is a different experience—and one that requires a bit of practice. The most important thing to remember is this: a microphone amplifies your voice, but it doesn’t make it clearer. If you mumble or speak unclearly, the microphone will simply make the mumbling louder.

Microphones come in different styles. One of the easiest to use is the clip-on microphone, often called a lavalier mic. You’ve probably seen these on TV anchors or public speakers—they’re small, discreet, and clip onto your shirt or blouse. They allow you to move freely and use your hands while speaking. However, you’ll need to be mindful of your posture. Looking down at your notes can cause your voice to drop or distort, since the mic is positioned on your chest.

Handheld and lectern microphones require more attention. If you hold a mic too close to your mouth, it can produce a loud screeching sound. If it’s too far away, your voice may not be picked up clearly. Some microphones are directional, meaning they only work well when you speak directly into them. If you’re unfamiliar with the equipment, ask for guidance and, if possible, test it before your speech. Have someone sit in the middle of the room and give you feedback on your volume and clarity.

Sometimes, you’ll be offered a microphone even when you don’t need one. In a small room with a close audience, it’s perfectly fine to speak without amplification. In fact, your natural voice may sound more engaging than an amplified one. Just be sure everyone in the room can hear you clearly—especially those in the back.

Considering Audience Size

The size of your audience can influence how you deliver your speech. A small audience, such as a group of eight to twelve people, allows for a more personal and conversational tone. You can make eye contact with everyone and respond more directly to their reactions. You don’t need to change your speech just because the group is small—your preparation still matters. After your presentation, you may have the chance to answer questions or talk with individuals one-on-one.

One challenge with small audiences is that people may feel more comfortable interrupting or asking questions during your speech. This can be distracting, especially if the question is off-topic. A good strategy is to politely say you’ll address questions at the end if time allows. Even better, you can set expectations at the beginning by explaining that there will be time for discussion after your main points.

In a classroom setting, you might speak to twenty or thirty students. This size still calls for a formal approach, but you can maintain a conversational tone. Depending on your instructor’s format, you may or may not be expected to include a Q&A session.

If you’re speaking to a large audience, such as in an auditorium, the situation becomes more formal. Whether the room is full or sparsely populated, your delivery should be guided by your preparation. You’ll need to speak clearly, use larger gestures, and possibly rely on a microphone and visual aids. The key is to stay focused and confident, no matter how many people are in the room.